Читать книгу The Origin of the Planet’s Toponyms - Alexander Tokiy - Страница 11

Another palette of sounds is the sounds formed by contact with obstacles. The simplest and most common is the sound of “poking” or knocking. The “t” sound is clearly heard at the base of the knock, and with a harder contact, we hear the ringing “d"sound. The sound “t” acquired the meaning of an obstacle that could meet anywhere. It was possible to stumble over a stone, run into branches or tree trunks, or fall, hitting the ground.

In combination with various vowels, the sounds of “poking at obstacles”, like other protoroots, acquired different meanings. If the simplest sound of “poking” is heard with the simplest “t”, “tuk”, then with the vowel “o” it is an obstacle with some boundaries. In the modern language, protoroots “to” [tɔ] and “do” [dɔ] are attributed to the ancient prepositions, although this classification is rather conditional. If the voiceless “to” is the indication of a certain place where an obstacle is, then the voiced “do” is already a more serious obstacle, restriction, “Pillars of Hercules”, beyond which movement is impossible. The meaning of these prepositions has survived to the present day, although during the evolution it has expanded and received different shades, but the original meaning – “obstacle, restriction and poking” – has been preserved in it. Other vowels create different meanings, where the meaning of a certain place remains the main one. Many different derivative combinations have appeared from the original forms of these ancient prepositions. The language was filled with various “to” (that), “ta” (that), “te” (those), “tam” (there), “do” (before), “da” (before). The last “da” is especially interesting. The sound of poking and the obstacle “d”, touching the open vowel “a”, completely changes – like Cinderella after the wave of a magic wand. The vowel sound “a” indicates that the insurmountable obstacle, as it seemed at first, is no longer an obstacle, and dirty rags have been replaced with a ball gown.

“Da” is consent, the abolition of borders, the abolition of obstacles. You can not, but you can! This root was of great importance and was very common in the everyday life of our ancestors, having the meaning of “consent” in sexual relationships. “Da” is a permission for sexual contact. Already in those ancient times, the meaning of “consent” began to be associated with the possibility of coition, that is, access to a woman’s genitals, and later with the female genitals themselves. For the ancient man, “da” was more significant than for our contemporaries, also because not everyone managed to survive in those distant times, and procreation was the main goal, the main meaning of life. The meaning of “possibility”, “consent” and the name of the female genital organ formed many words that have survived to our time, but which modern ethics tries not to mention. If we resort to a metaphor, then “da” is the process of defloration, deprivation of virginity and the possibility of procreation.

The semantic paradigm of “procreation” is also reflected in female names: from Russian Lada to Nayada (Naiad), Esmeralda, Svanilda, Nemezida (Nemesis), Andromeda, Jagveda (Iohaveda) and hundreds of others. The root of “da” formed a witty word “erunda” (nonsense), and even the surname Hakamada, where “da” is a rice field flooded with water and designed to give birth to a new crop.