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1.3.2 What Can I Learn about Clients, Service Delivery, and Targets of Intervention from the Experiences of Others?

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If you administer a shelter for homeless people, you might want to find out why so many homeless people refuse to use shelter services. You may suspect that the experience of living in a shelter is less attractive than other options. Perhaps your EIP question would be: “What is it like to stay in a shelter?” Perhaps you've noticed that among those who do use your shelter there are almost no females. Your EIP question might therefore be modified as follows: “What is it like for females to stay in a shelter?” To answer those questions, you might read various qualitative studies that employed in-depth, open-ended interviews of homeless people that include questions about shelter utilization. Equally valuable might be qualitative studies in which researchers themselves lived on the streets among the homeless for a while as a way to observe and experience the plight of being homeless, what it's like to sleep in a shelter, and the meanings shelters have to homeless people.

Direct-service practitioners, too, might have EIP questions about their clients' experiences. As mentioned previously, one of the most important factors influencing service effectiveness is the quality of the practitioner-client relationship, and that factor might have more influence on treatment outcome than the choices practitioners make about what particular interventions to employ. We also know that one of the most important aspects of a practitioner's relationship skills is empathy. It seems reasonable to suppose that the better the practitioner's understanding of what it's like to have had the client's experiences – what it's like to have walked in the client's shoes, so to speak – the more empathy the practitioner is likely to convey in relating to the client.

The experiences of others, not just clients, may also drive your EIP questions. For example, imagine that you are an administrator of a child and family program and you are considering choosing and adopting a new parent-training model. Selecting and implementing a new intervention model is a complex process with lots of moving parts and potentially unforeseen consequences. In this case, your EIP question may be: “What is the adoption and implementation process like for different parent-training programs?” Studies that include interviews with administrators and staff about their experience with the implementation process in their agencies could give you information about which model to choose, alert you to unanticipated challenges with the intervention and implementation process, and suggest strategies that you might choose to try and improve your success.

Practitioner's Guide to Using Research for Evidence-Informed Practice

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