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Andrew Zimmerman Jones
String Theory For Dummies
Читать книгу String Theory For Dummies - Andrew Zimmerman Jones - Страница 1
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String Theory For Dummies® To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to
www.dummies.com
and search for “String Theory For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box. Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Страница 8
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So What Is String Theory Anyway?
String Theory: Seeing What Vibrating Strings Can Tell Us about the Universe
Using tiny and huge concepts to create a theory of everything
WHAT IS QUANTUM FIELD THEORY?
A quick look at where string theory has been
Introducing the Key Elements of String Theory
Strings and branes
Quantum gravity
Unification of forces
Supersymmetry
Extra dimensions
Understanding the Aim of String Theory
Quantizing gravity
Unifying forces
Explaining matter and mass
Defining space and time
Appreciating the Theory’s Amazing (and Controversial) Implications
Landscape of possible theories
The universe as a hologram
Why Is String Theory So Important?
Страница 31
The Physics Road Dead-Ends at Quantum Gravity
Understanding Two Schools of Thought on Gravity
Newton’s law of gravity: Gravity as force
A MATTER OF MASS
Einstein’s law of gravity: Gravity as geometry
Describing Matter: Physical and Energy-Filled
Viewing matter classically: Chunks of stuff
Viewing matter at a quantum scale: Chunks of energy
Grasping for the Fundamental Forces of Physics
Electromagnetism: Super-speedy energy waves
Nuclear forces: What the strong force joins, the weak force tears apart
Infinities: Why Einstein and the Quanta Don’t Get Along
Singularities: Bending gravity to the breaking point
Quantum jitters: Space-time under a quantum microscope
Unifying the Forces
Einstein’s failed quest to explain everything
A particle of gravity: The graviton
Supersymmetry’s role in quantum gravity
Страница 50
Accomplishments and Failures of String Theory
Celebrating String Theory’s Successes
Predicting gravity out of strings
Explaining what happens to a black hole (sort of)
Explaining quantum field theory using string theory
String theory keeps making a comeback
Being the most popular theory in town
Considering String Theory’s Setbacks
The universe doesn’t have enough particles
Dark energy: The discovery string theory should have predicted
Where did all these “fundamental” theories come from?
STRING THEORY IS … INEVITABLE?
Looking into String Theory’s Future
Theoretical complications: Can we figure out string theory?
Experimental complications: Can we prove string theory?
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Putting String Theory in Context: Understanding the Method of Science
Exploring the Practice of Science
The myth of the scientific method
BREAKING DOWN NATURE WITH BACON AND GALILEO
The need for experimental falsifiability
The foundation of theory is mathematics
The rule of simplicity
The role of objectivity in science
Understanding How Scientific Change Is Viewed
Precision and accuracy: Science as measurement
Old becomes new again: Science as revolution
Combining forces: Science as unification
What happens when you break it? Science as symmetry
Страница 81
What You Must Know about Classical Physics
This Crazy Little Thing Called Physics
No laughing matter: What we’re made of
A matter of inertia, and a matter of the utmost gravity
Scientists discover that mass can’t be destroyed
Add a little energy: Why stuff happens
The energy of motion: Kinetic energy
Stored energy: Potential energy
Symmetry: Why some laws were made to be broken
Translational symmetry: Same system, different spot
Internal symmetry: The system changes, but the outcome stays the same
Spontaneous symmetry breaking: A gradual breakdown
All Shook Up: Waves and Vibrations
Catching the wave
Getting some good vibrations
Newton’s Revolution: How Physics Was Born
Force, mass, and acceleration: Putting objects into motion
NEWTON MAKES SOME LAWS ABOUT MOTION
Gravity: A great discovery
Optics: Shedding light on light’s properties
Calculus and mathematics: Enhancing scientific understanding
The Forces of Light: Electricity and Magnetism
Light as a wave: The ether theory
Invisible lines of force: Electric and magnetic fields
Electricity and magnetism are linked together
Faraday proposes force fields to explain these forces
Maxwell’s equations bring it all together: Electromagnetic waves
Two dark clouds and the birth of modern physics
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