Читать книгу Tai Chi: A practical approach to the ancient Chinese movement for health and well-being - Angus Clark - Страница 9

Seven Qualities

EVERY POSTURE IN tai chi is a combination of seven basic qualities. Central to these qualities is the concept of yin and yang, the forces of change and harmony. Like yin and yang, the basic qualities of tai chi are almost all polarities: open and closed; full and empty. The exception is the seventh, central equilibrium. Consciousness of these seven qualities pervades every aspect of a posture. They are the focus of the mind, they are expressed in the movements, and they are the message communicated through the very spirit of the posture.

The nonstop sequence of movements called the form is the essence of the art of tai chi. The postures are in a state of perpetual transformation, a cycle of harmony and change. A posture begins, grows, reaches a fullness, and starts to empty, ready for the growth of the next one.

To fulfil their task of restoring equilibrium between yin and yang, the movements of the form must be executed with the correct technique and mind intent (attitude). Often for a beginner, body and mind are too fully occupied with learning the sequence of movements and the technique to experience the qualities of each movement. So, to accompany the form practice, experiment with moves that develop a sense of feeling, such as relaxing your muscles and moving your weight from one side to the other.

Balance improves by standing on each leg in turn for a few minutes each day. This strengthens the legs and improves the coordination, but it also makes you feel different. Physical equilibrium infiltrates the mental and emotional spheres of your being.

All postures contain the polarities of open and closed. Open is generally associated with gathering energy and closed with releasing. At each moment every part of the body is either open or closed, so studying one’s own posture helps in understanding the concept. Bringing the hands together as if clapping, carries the feeling of closed. Open is felt when lifting the arms outward as when welcoming friends.

The polarities of full and empty give the body mobility. In tai chi balance is held in one side, leaving the other free to move. The balance empties from one side and fills the other, as the exercise Balanced Walking demonstrates, increasing mobility. Open or closed, the body must be in balance.

Without equilibrium a posture will lose its structure, becoming too open or too closed. Structure lends strength to a posture. Central equilibrium is the foundation of every stance and the hub of every movement. When a posture is based on central equilibrium, the body is aligned between earth and sky, so it is perfectly balanced.

Beginners unfamiliar with these ideas find it hard to combine the mental concept with the physical experience. Familiarity makes these qualities more and more interesting, however, since they affect almost every aspect of every tai chi movement. Familiarizing yourself with them therefore needs to become part of regular practice.

EXPERIENCE YOUR BODY SHAPES

Create your own body shapes to express the qualities of yin and yang described previously. As a guide for yin, use soft, round, smooth, flowing shapes to embody the qualities. For yang use hard, angular, and linear shapes as your guiding concepts. Play with all these possibilities and add your own movements.

You can discover how open and closed feel when expressed as movement. As you practice, the polarity intensifies the experience of the movement.

The second exercise expands the first to make greater demands on your imagination. Imagine yourself as an empty vessel; picture the reality of fullness.

YIN BODY SHAPE

YANG BODY SHAPE

OPEN AND CLOSED

1 Stand with your feet apart, lift your arms up and out in a welcoming gesture, and imagine each body part and your feelings opening up.

OPEN AND CLOSED

2 Slowly draw your arms in, crossing them over your chest, contemplating this closed position. End by lowering your arms and standing erect for a while.

FULL AND EMPTY

1 Imagine colored liquid filling you from your feet up. Experience every cell in your body expanding as it rises, moving your arms out as if you are inflating.

FULL AND EMPTY

2 Then close your eyes and imagine your body is hollow. Visualize yourself becoming emptiness.