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Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Glossary

1 Introduction

1.1 An Overview of Qualitative Approaches and Methods in HCI

1.2 The Space of Interpretive Qualitative Studies in HCI

1.3 Overview of Topics

2 Planning a Study

2.1 So, You’ve Got this Great Idea or Burning Question

2.2 Planning and Preparation

2.3 Being Realistic: Resources and Constraints

2.4 Ethics and Informed Consent

2.5 Accommodating Researcher Biases and Pre-existing Theory when Planning a Study

2.6 Summary and Checklist: Planning a Study

3 Sampling and Recruitment

3.1 Approaches to Sampling

3.2 Sampling in Practice: Recruiting Participants

3.3 Sampling in Practice: Negotiating Access

3.4 How Many Participants?

3.5 Summary and Checklist: Recruiting Participants

4 Gathering Data

4.1 The Role of the Researcher

4.2 Observation

4.3 Think-Aloud

4.4 Semi-structured Interviews

4.5 Focus Groups

4.6 Diary Studies and Autoethnography

4.7 Working with Existing Sources

4.8 Summary and Checklist: Data Gathering

5 Analysing Data

5.1 From Buckets to Causal Narratives: Different Approaches to Coding and Analysing Data

5.2 A Pragmatic Approach to Analysis

5.3 Tools for Qualitative Data Analysis

5.4 Thematic Analysis

5.5 Illustrative Example

5.6 Top-down Approaches to Analysis

5.7 Summary and Checklist: Analysing Data

6 Paradigms and Strategies

6.1 Research Paradigms

6.2 Research Strategies

6.2.1 Basing a Study on a Particular Theoretical Perspective

6.2.2 Theory Shaping Analysis

6.2.3 Ethnomethodology

6.2.4 Contextual Inquiry

6.2.5 Participant Observation and Action Research

6.2.6 Grounded Theory

6.3 Mixed Methods and Staged Approaches

6.4 Responding to the Situation

6.5 Summary and Checklist: Study Shaping Issues

7 Reporting

7.1 Communicating Quality through Reporting

7.2 Summary and Checklist: Reporting a Study

8 Ensuring Quality in Qualitative Research

8.1 Starting with the Basics

8.2 Building Quality into the Process

8.3 External Validation: Inter-rater Reliability, Triangulation and Respondent Validation

8.4 Summary and Checklist: Quality of Qualitative Research

9 Conclusions and Further Resources

9.1 Qualitative Research: A Space of Possibilities

9.2 Further Resources

9.3 Going behind the Scenes

Bibliography

Authors’ Biographies

Qualitative HCI Research

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