Читать книгу Methods in Psychological Research - Annabel Ness Evans - Страница 34

1 John is a volunteer at a local emergency room (ER). The medical personnel tell John that on nights when there is a full moon, there are many more shooting and knifing cases in the ER. The workers believe that the moon is the cause. John keeps records and finds that, indeed, on full-moon nights, there are many more of these cases that come into the ER than on nights with no full moon. He contacts other ERs and finds that they too report many more of these cases on those nights. He concludes that the full moon has powers that increase criminality in people. What tenet of science has John failed to follow?

2 A student conducted a survey on the Internet to measure attitudes about funding of animal research. She found that people are opposed to the use of animals in research on cosmetic products. Another student used an interview method and learned that her sample had no such opposition to the use of animals in cosmetic testing. What tenet of science is the problem here?

3 Mary, a social worker, has observed that evil people do evil things and good people do good things. She has seen many examples of this in her practice, and her colleagues report that they have, too. When a person does evil, Mary claims it is the evil within him or her that caused this behavior. Likewise, good behavior is evidence of goodness. What tenet of science has Mary ignored?