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Annabel Ness Evans
Methods in Psychological Research
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Methods in Psychological Research
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Methods in Psychological Research
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Acknowledgments
About the Authors
About the Contributors
1 Introduction to Research in Psychology Objectives
Acquiring Knowledge About the World
Tradition or Tenacity: I Believe It Is True Because It Has Always Been True
Intuition: I Believe It Is True Because I Feel It Is True
Authority: I Believe It Is True Because an “Expert” Says It Is True
Personal Experience: I Believe It Is True Because I Experienced It
Reasoning: I Believe It Is True Because It Is Logically Derived
Empiricism: I Believe It Is True Because I Measured It
Science
Conceptual Exercise 1A
Psychology—Science and Art
Critical Thinking
The Critical Thinking Process
Objectives of Science
To Describe
To Explain
To Predict
To Control
The Tenets of Science
Determinism
Empiricism
Replicability
Falsifiability
Parsimony
Conceptual Exercise 1B
The Scientific Method
Theories, Concepts, and Hypotheses
Why We Do Research To Evaluate a Theory
To Satisfy Our Curiosity
To Demonstrate a New Technique
To Demonstrate a Behavioral Phenomenon
To Investigate the Conditions Influencing Behavioral Phenomena
Approaches to Research
Descriptive Versus Explanatory Research
Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research
Basic Versus Applied Research
Cross-Sectional Versus Longitudinal Research
Field Versus Laboratory Research
Steps in Planning and Doing Research
Selecting a Research Topic From Life Experience
Conceptual Exercise 1C
From Existing Research
Common Sense
A New Technology
Generating Testable Hypotheses
Classifying Variables
Selecting an Appropriate Design
Planning the Method and Carrying It Out
Analyzing Results
Drawing Conclusions
Sharing Your Findings
Chapter Summary
Answers to Conceptual Exercises
Conceptual Exercise 1A
Conceptual Exercise 1B
Conceptual Exercise 1C
FAQ
Chapter Exercises
Chapter Projects
Ancillaries
2 Understanding the Research Literature Objectives
Searching the Literature
The Research Article
The Abstract
The Introduction
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Conceptual Exercise 2A
Moderating Variables
Mediating Variables
The Method
The Results
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Common Tests of Significance.
The Discussion
Basic Statistical Procedures Tests of Significance t
Test
.
F
Test
.
Chi-Square Test.
Conceptual Exercise 2B
Other Nonparametric Tests.
Pearson’s
r
Test
.
Regression.
Confidence Intervals
More Complex Statistical Procedures Multiple Regression.
Partial Correlation.
Semipartial Correlation.
Logistic Regression.
Factor Analysis.
Cluster Analysis.
Structural Equation Modeling.
Discriminant Function Analysis.
Chapter Summary
Answers to Conceptual Exercises Conceptual Exercise 2A
Conceptual Exercise 2B
FAQ
Chapter Exercises
Chapter Projects
Ancillaries
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