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PREFACE

PRINCIPLES OF CLASSIFICATION (1874) [3]

ON THE EVOLUTION OF CULTURE (1875) [7]

PRIMITIVE WARFARE [13] I

Defensive Weapons.

Offensive Weapons of Men and Animals.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES VI-XI

PRIMITIVE WARFARE II ON THE RESEMBLANCE OF THE WEAPONS OF EARLY MAN, THEIR VARIATION, CONTINUITY, AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORM. [126]

General Remarks.

Combination of Tool and Weapon.

Transition from the Drift to the Celt Type.

Hafting.

Transition from Oval to Rectangular Forms.

Development of Spear and Arrow-head Forms.

Implements composed of Perishable Materials.

Transition from Celt to Paddle, Spear, and Sword Forms.

Development of the Australian Boomerang.

Indian Boomerangs.

African Boomerangs.

Cateia.

General Conclusions relative to the Boomerang.

Development of the Club.

Contrivances for Throwing the Spear.

Transition from Club to Shield (Australia) .

Transition from Club to Shield (Africa) .

Development of the Shield.

Concluding Remarks.

PRIMITIVE WARFARE III ON THE RESEMBLANCES OF THE WEAPONS OF EARLY RACES; THEIR VARIATIONS, CONTINUITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF FORM: METAL PERIOD. [184]

Table I.—Analyses of Ancient American Bronzes

Table II.—Analyses of Ancient European Bronzes

Reference to the Figures in Plate XVIII . [214] COPPER, BRONZE, AND IRON CELTS.

EARLY MODES OF NAVIGATION [219] (1874)

Modes of Navigation.

1. Solid Trunks and Dug-out Canoes.

2. Vessels in which the Planks are Stitched to each Other.

3. Bark canoes.

4. Canoes of Wicker and Skin.

5. Rafts.

6. Outrigger-canoes.

7. Rudders, Sails, and other Contrivances.

NOTES TO ‘EARLY MODES OF NAVIGATION’

The Evolution of Culture, and Other Essays

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