Читать книгу VCSEL Industry - Babu Dayal Padullaparthi - Страница 34

The second stage (1991–2000) covers the expansion of VCSEL research, the advancement in growth technology, and the emerging application needs in data communications. The first DARPA funding was driven by the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program. Three centers for optoelectronics were started in universities. Honeywell, Motorola, and HP were the primary companies working on the programs. More details can be found in the wiki page:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical‐cavity_surface‐emitting_laser.

Areas of emphasis in Stage II include mass production technology [40], threshold current reduction[39–42], transverse mode control, oxidation [43, 44], polarization control, initial tunable VCSELs [45], MEMS elements [46], 2D arrays [47], high‐speed and high‐power VCSELs, InP‐based device with continuous operation [48] and quantum wells VCSELs, and so on. This was a golden period in the VCSEL journey to mass production, and many technical and manufacturing advances contributed to the foundation of VCSEL technology.