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Production environments host the live applications that the organization uses in its normal course of business. These include email, customer-facing services, and any other line-of-business applications.

The use of multiple production environments can become important during the rollout of updates. Depending on the application, you may want to release updates only to a portion of users. For example, if you're adding a new feature to a web application, you can use load balancing to direct a small portion of users (say 10 percent) to the updated version while everyone else uses the old version. If there's an unforeseen problem with the updated version, it impacts only a fraction of your users.

Of course, this is a simple example, and this approach won't necessarily work in more complex cases. If the application update causes irreversible changes to a huge database, a more cautious approach is needed. This is where it may be necessary to replicate the full production environment and test the update there. If all goes well, you cut everyone over to the updated environment. If things don't go so well, your existing production environment remains intact and functional.