Читать книгу The Atlas of Global Inequalities - Ben Crow - Страница 17

per capita) differences between countries were relatively small, but the industrializing countries pulled ahead of societies that depended primarily on agriculture, and a large income gap opened up. Income inequality within a country can be measured by the Gini coefficient. South America is notable for its high level of inequality, while the countries of Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, albeit with very different economic histories, have the most equal income distribution. The industrialization of China and India is beginning to raise average incomes in those countries, although inequalities within both countries are growing. Many economies in Africa and Asia are building industrial capabilities only slowly, however, and the gap between average incomes in those countries and the industrialized west continues to rise.

Income inequality both between and within countries has risen dramatically, as the process of industrialization over the past 300 years has benefited some but not others.

22–23 Work & Unemployment; 68–69 Life Expectancy R

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