Читать книгу Latin for Beginners - BENJAMIN L. D’OOGE - Страница 70

[Special Vocabulary]

NOUNS

«fōrma, -ae», f., form, beauty «regīna, -ae», f., queen (regal) «poena, -ae», f., punishment, penalty superbia, -ae, f., pride, haughtiness «potentia, -ae», f., power (potent) «trīstītīa, -ae», f., sadness, sorrow

ADJECTIVES «septem», indeclinable, seven «superbus, -a, -um», proud, haughty (superb)

CONJUNCTIONS «nōn sōlum … sed etiam», not only … but also

«132.» «Tense Signs.» Instead of using auxiliary verbs to express differences in tense, like was, shall, will, etc., Latin adds to the verb stem certain elements that have the force of auxiliary verbs. These are called tense signs.

«133.» «Formation and Inflection of the Imperfect.» The tense sign of the imperfect is «-bā-», which is added to the present stem. The imperfect consists, therefore, of three parts:

PRESENT STEM TENSE SIGN PERSONAL ENDING «amā-» «ba-» «m» loving was I

The inflection is as follows:

CONJUGATION I CONJUGATION II

PERSONAL

SINGULAR ENDINGS

1. amā´bam, I was loving monē´bam, I was advising -m 2. amā´bās, you were loving monē´bās, you were advising -s 3. amā´bat, he was loving monē´bat, he was advising -t

PLURAL

1. amābā´mus, we were loving monēbā´mus, we were advising -mus 2. amābā´tis, you were loving monēbā´tis, you were advising -tis 3. amā´bant, they were loving monē´bant, they wereadvising -nt

a. Note that the «ā» of the tense sign «-bā-» is shortened before «-nt», and before «m» and «t» when final. (Cf. §12.2.)

In a similar manner inflect the verbs given in §129.

«134.» «Meaning of the Imperfect.» The Latin imperfect describes an act as going on or progressing in past time, like the English past-progressive tense (as, I was walking). It is the regular tense used to describe a past situation or condition of affairs.