Читать книгу Survival Chinese - Boye Lafayette De Mente - Страница 7
ОглавлениеPART ONE
Common Expressions & Key Words
GREETINGS
Please keep in mind that the phonetic words that are divided by hyphens [to make the syllables easier to recognize] should be pronounced as single words, in a smooth, even flow.
► Hello (also used in the sense of “How are you?”)
Nín hǎo ! 您好！
(Neen how)
[Nín hǎo (neen how) and the informal nǐ hǎo (nee how) are commonly used as universal greetings (good morning, good afternoon, good evening), but there are also specific words for these expressions.]
► Good morning!
Zǎoshang hǎo! 早上好！
(Zow-shahng how)
► Good afternoon!
Xiàwǔ hǎo! 下午好！
(Shee-ah-woo how)
► Good evening!
Wǎnshàng hǎo! 晚上好！
(Wahn-shahng how)
► Good night!
Wǎn ān! 晚安！
(Wahn ahn)
► See you tomorrow.
Míngtiān jiàn. 明天见。
(Meeng-tee-an jee-an)
► See you later.
Yí huìr jiàn. 一会儿见。
(Ee hway-er jee-an)
► Goodbye.
Zài jiàn. 再见。
(Zigh jee-an)
► Bye-Bye. (spoken)
Bài Bài. 拜拜。
(by by)
► OK.
Xìng. 行。
(Sheeng)
► Please.
Qǐng. 请。
(Cheeng)
► Thank you.
Xièxie. 谢谢。
(She-eh she-eh, sounds like shay-shay)
► Thank you very much.
Duōxiè. 多谢。
(Dwoh-she-eh)
► Thank you for your hospitality.
Duōxiè nǐ de kuǎndài. 多谢你的款待。
(Dwoh-she-eh nee der-kwahn-die)
► Thank you for your kindness.
Duōxiè nǐ de hǎoyì. 多谢你的好意。
(Dwoh-she-eh nee der how-ee)
► You’re welcome.
Bú xiè. 不谢。
(Boo she-eh)
► Don’t mention it.
Bú kèqi, méiyǒu guānxi. 不客气，没有关系。
(Boo ker-chee may-you gwahn-she)
► I’m sorry.
Duìbuqǐ. 对不起。
(Dway-boo-chee)
► That’s all right.
Méi guānxi. 没关系。
(May gwahn-she)
► That’s right.
Duìle. 对了。
(Dway-ler)
► That’s wrong.
Bú duì. 不对。
(Boo dway)
► Very good.
Hên hǎo. 很好。
(Hern how)
► Excellent!
Hǎo jí le! 好极了！
(How jee ler)
► Yes, I agree; correct
Shì (shr) 是; Duì (dway) 对
Yes Yǒu (You) 有
No Bú shì (Boo shr) 不是
► I understand.
Wǒ dǒng. 我懂。
(Woh dohng)
► Do you understand?
Dǒng ma? 懂吗？
(Dohng mah)
► I don’t understand.
Wǒ bǜ dǒng. 我不懂。
(Woh boo dohng)
► Do you speak English?
Nǐ huì Yīngyǔ ma? 你会不懂吗？
(Nee hway Eeng-yuu mah)
Also: Nǐ dǒng bǜ dǒng Yīngyǔ? 你懂不懂不懂？
(Nee dohng boo dohng Eeng-yuu)
► Please repeat that.
Qǐng nǐ zàishuō yíbiàn. 请你再说一遍。
(Cheeng nee zigh-shwoh ee-bee-an)
► Please speak more slowly.
Qǐng nǐ shuō màn yì diǎn. 请你说慢一点。
(Cheeng nee shwo mahn ee-dee-an)
I, me wǒ (woh) 我
► I am going.
Wǒ yào qǜ. 我要去。
(Woh yee-ow chwee)
► I’m not going.
Bú qǜ. 不去 。
(Boo chwee)
► I’m lost!
Wǒ mí lǜ le! 我迷路了！
(Woh me loo ler)
► I’m looking for my friends.
Wǒ zài zhǎo wǒ-de péngyou. 我在找我的朋友。
(Woh zigh jow woh-der perng-you)
we wǒ-men (woh-mern) 我们
► We’re lost!
Wǒ-men mí lǜ le! 我们迷路了！
(Woh-mern me loo ler)
my, mine wǒ-de (woh-der) 我的
► This is mine.
Zhè shì wǒ-de. 这是我的。
(Juh shr woh-der)
► That is not mine.
Bú shì wǒ-de. 不是我的。
(Boo shr woh-der)
you nǐ (nee), informal 你
nín (neen), polite 您
► How are you?
Nín hǎo ma? 您好吗？
(Neen how mah)
► Fine, thank you.
Hên hǎo, xièxie. 很好，谢谢。
(Hern how, she-eh she-eh)
► And you?
Nǐ ne? 你呢？
(Nee nuh)
► Who are you?
Nǐ shì shéi? 你是谁？
(Nee shr shay)
you (plural) nǐ-men (nee-mern) 你们
your nǐ-de (nee-der) 你的
► That is your umbrella.
Nǎ shì nǐ-de sǎn. 那是你的伞。
(Nah shr nee-der sahn)
| your (plural) | nǐ-men-de (nee-mern-der) 你们的 |
| he, she, it | tā (tah) 他／她／它 |
► He/she is not going.
Tā bú qǜ. 他／她不去。
(Tah boo chwee)
| his, hers, its | tā-de (tah-der) 他的／她的／它的 |
| we, us | wǒ-men (woh-mern) 我们 |
► We are not going.
Wǒ-men bú qǜ. 我们不去。
(Woh-mern boo chwee)
| our | wǒ-men-de (woh-mern-der) 我们的 |
| they, them | tā-men (tah-mern) 他们 |
| their, theirs | tā-men-de (tah-mern-der) 他们的 |
| what | shénme (shern-mer) 什么 |
| this | zhè (juh) 这; zhèi (jay) 这 |
► What is this?
Zhè shì shénme? 侶角什么？
(Juh shr shern-mer)
► This is his/her book.
Zhè shì tā-de shū. 侶角 他／她 的书。
(Juh shr tah-der shoo)
► What is your email address?
Nǐ-de diànzi yóujiàn xìnxiāng shì shénme?
(Nee-der dee-an-dzu you-jee-an sheen-she-ahng she-shern-mer) 你的电子邮件信箱是什么？
that nǎ (nah) 那
► What is that?
Nǎ shì shénme? 那是什么?
(Nah shr shern-mer)
► I don’t want that.
Wǒ bú yào nà ge. 我不要那个。
(Woh boo yee-ow nah guh)
| who? | shuí? (shway) 谁? |
| shéi? (shay) 谁? |
► Who is it?
Shéi? 谁？
(Shay)
► When?
Shénme shíhou? 什么时候?
(shern-mer shr-hoe)
► When are we going?
Wǒ-men shénme shíhou qǜ? 我们什么时候去？
(Woh-mern shern-mer shr-hoe chwee)
| where? | nǎli? (nah-lee) 哪里?; |
| nǎr? (nah-urr) 哪会? |
► Where are we going?
Wǒ-men yào qǜ nǎli? 我们要去哪里？
(Woh-mern yee-ow chwee nah-lee)
► Where is the toilet?
Nǎli yǒu cèsuǒ? 哪里有厕所？
(Nah-lee you tser-swoh)
► Where is the men’s room?
Nǎli yǒu nán cèsuǒ? 哪里有男厕所？
(Nah-lee you nahn tser-swoh)
► Where is the ladies’ room?
Nǎli yǒu nǚ cèsuǒ? 哪里有女厕所？
(Nah-lee you nwee tser-swoh)
► Where is a public telephone?
Gōngyòng diànhuà zài nǎli? 公用电话在哪里？
(Gohng-yohng dee-an-hwah zigh nah-lee)
why? wèishénme? (way-shern-mer) 为什么?
► Why have we stopped?
Wǒ-men wèishénme tíngxià? 我们为什么停下？
(Woh-mern way-shern-mer teeng-shee-ah)
| how | duō (dwoh) 多 |
| duōme (dwoh-mer) 多么 | |
| zênme (zern-mer) 怎么 | |
| jǐge (jee-guh) 几个 |
► How far is it?
Lí zhè duō yuǎn? 离这多远？
(Lee juh dwoh ywahn)
► How long will it take?
Zhè yào duō jiǔ? 这要多久？
(Juh yee-ow dwoh jeo)
| which? | nèigè? (nay-guh) 哪个? |
| nǎgè? (nah-guh) 哪个? |
► Which one?
Nǎ yī-gè? 哪一个？
(Nah yee-guh)
have yǒu (you) 有
► Do you have __________?
Yǒu méiyǒu __________ ? 有ે有 __________ ？
(You-may-you __________ )
► I need an interpreter!
Wǒ xūyào fānyì! 我需要翻译！
(Woh shee-yee-ow fahn-ee)
good / well hǎo (how) 好
► I don’t feel well.
Wǒ gǎn jué bǜ hǎo. 我感觉不好。
(Woh gahn jway boo how)
wait děng (derng) 等
► Please wait a minute.
Qǐng děng yī xià. 请等一下。
(Cheeng derng ee shee-ah)
► Just a second!
Děng yī děng! 等一等！
(Derng ee derng)
► I’m sorry, I cannot wait.
Duìbuqǐ, wǒ bǜ néng děng. 对不起，我不能等。
(Dway-boo-chee, woh boo nerng derng)
► Hurry up!
Gǎn kuài! 赶快！
(Gahn kwie)
► I don’t know.
Wǒ bǜ zhīdào. 我不知道。
(Woh boo jr-dow)
► Is that so?
Shì-ma? 是吗？
(Shr-mah)
► I think so.
Wǒ xiǎng shì-de. 我想是的。
(Woh she-ahng shr-der)
► I don’t think so.
Wǒ bú rènwéi shì zhèyàng. 我不认为是这样。
(Woh boo wren-way shr juh-yahng)
► It doesn’t matter.
Méi guānxi. 没关系。
(May gwahn-she)
► No problem.
Méi wèntí. 没问题。
(May wern-tee)
► This is mine.
Zhè shì wǒ-de. 这是我的。
(Juh shr woh-der)
► That is my luggage.
Nǎ shì wǒ-de xíngli. 那是我的行李。
(Nah shr woh-der sheeng-lee)
► What is that?
Nà shì shénme? 那是什么？
(Nah shr shern-mer)
► What time is it?
Jǐ diǎn-le? 几点了？
(Jee dee-an-ler)
► What time shall I come?
Wǒ gāi shénme shíhou lái? 我该什么时候来？
(Woh guy shern-mer shr-how lie)
► When are you going?
Nǐ shénme shíhou qǜ? 你什么时候去？
(Nee shern-mer shr-hoe chwee)
► Where is it?
Tā zài nǎli? 它在 哪 里？
(Tah zigh nah-lee)
► How much (is it)?
Duō shao? 多少？
(Dwoh show)
► How far is it?
Lí zhè duō yuǎn? 离这多远？
(Lee juh dwoh ywahn)
► Which one?
Nǎ yī-gè? 哪一个？
(Nah yee-guh)
buy mǎi (my) 买
► I want to buy this.
Wǒ xiǎng mǎi zhè ge. 我想买这个。
(Woh shee-ahng my juh guh)
drink (verb) hē (her) 喝
► I would like to drink something cold.
Wǒ xiǎng hē diǎn liáng-de yǐnliào.
(Woh shee-ahng her dee-an lee-ahng der een-lee-ow) 我想喝点凉的饮料。
► I do not drink alcoholic drinks.
Wǒ bǜ hē jiǚ. 我不喝酒。
(Woh boo her jeo)
eat chī (chr) 吃
► What time do we eat?
Wǒ-men shénme shí jiān chī fàn?
Woh-mern shern-mer shr jee-an chr fahn)
我们什么时间吃饭？
► Where shall we go to eat?
Wǒ-men qǜ nǎli chī? 我们去哪里吃？
(Woh-mern chwee nah-lee chr)
like xǐhuan (she-hwahn) 喜欢
► I like Chinese food.
Wǒ xǐhuan Zhōngcān. 我喜欢中餐。
(Woh she-hwahn Johng tsahn)
► I don’t like it.
Bǜ xǐhuan. 不喜欢。
(Boo she-hwahn)
► I can’t eat this!
Wǒ bǜ néng chī zhè-ge! 我不能吃这个！
(Woh boo nerng chr juh-guh)
enough gòu-le (go-ler) 够了
► That’s enough!
Nà xiē gòu-le! 那些够了！
(Nah she-eh go-luh)
► I have had enough.
Wǒ chī gòu-le. 我吃够了。
(Woh chr go-ler)
a little yīdiǎn diǎnr (ee-dee-an dee-an-urr) 一点点儿
► Just a little, please.
Jiù yīdiǎn diǎnr. 就一点点儿。
(Jeo ee-dee-an dee-an-urr)
too much tài duō-le (tie dwoh-ler) 太多了
► That’s too much!
Nà xiē tài duō-le! 那些太多了！
(Nah she-eh tie dwoh-ler)
go qù (chwee) 去
► Are you going?
Nǐ qù ma? 你去吗？
(Nee chwee mah)
► I’m not going.
Bú qù. 不去。
(boo chwee)
► I want to go shopping.
Wǒ xiǎng qù mǎi dōngxi. 我想去买东西。
(Woh shee-ang chwee my dohng she)
► Can you go with me?
Nǐ néng hé wǒ yīqǐ qù ma?
Nee nerng her woh ee-chee chwee mah)
你能和我一起去吗？
► I cannot go now.
Wǒ xiànzài bù néng qù. 我现在不能去。
(Woh shee-an-zigh boo nerng chwee)
have yǒu (you) 有
► Do you have it?
Nǐ yǒu ma? 你有吗？
(Nee you mah)
► I don’t have it!
Wǒ méi yǒu! 我没有！
(Woh may you)
look/see kàn (kahn) 看
► May I see it?
Wǒ néng kàn ma? 我能看吗？
(Woh nerng kahn mah)
mistake cuòwù (tswoh-woo) 错误
► I made a mistake.
Wǒ zuò-le yījiàn cuòshì. 我做了一件错事。
(Woh zwoh-ler ee-jee-an tswoh-shr)
► I think that is a mistake.
Wǒ xiǎng nǎ shì-ge cuòwù. 我想那是个错误。
(Woh shee-ahng nah shr-guh tswoh-woo)
► Can you help me?
Néng bāng wǒ yīxià ma? 能帮我一下吗？
(Nerng bahng woh ee-shee-ah mah)
► Excuse me! (to get attention)
Láo jià! 劳驾！
(Lao jee-ah)
► May I ask you a question?
Néng wèn nǐ yī gè wèntí ma?
Nerng wern nee ee guh wern-tee mah)
能问你一个问题吗？
write xiě (she-eh) 写
► Please write it down for me.
Qǐng xiě xià lai. 请写下来。
(Cheeng she-eh she-ah lie)
► Please write it in Roman letters.
Qǐng yòng pīnyīn xiě. 请用拼音写。
(Cheeng yohng peen-een she-eh)
► Please write it in Chinese.
Qǐng yòng Zhōngwén xiě. 请用中文写。
(Cheeng yohng Johng-wern she-eh)
want yào (yee-ow) 要
► What do you want?
Nǐ yào shénme? 你要什么？
(Nee yee-ow shern-mer)
► Congratulations!
Zhùhè nǐ! 祝贺你！
(Joo-her nee)
► Look out!
Xiǎo xīn! 小心！
(She-ow sheen)
► Help!
Jiù mìng ā! 救命啊！
(Jeo meeng ah)
► Please call an ambulance!
Qǐng kuài jiào jiùhùchē! 请快叫救护车！
(Cheeng kwai jee-ow jeo-hoo cher)
► Please take me back to my hotel.
Qǐng kuài sòng wǒ huí lǚguǎn.
(Cheeng kwai sohng woh hway lwee-gwahn)
请快送我回旅馆。
| big, large | dà (dah) 大 |
| large size | dà hào (dah how) 大号 |
| medium size | zhōng hào (johng how) 中号 |
| small size | xiǎo hào (shee-ow how) 小号 |
► It’s too big.
Zhè tài dà-le. 这太大了。
(Juh tie dah-ler)
