Читать книгу A Text-book of Paper-making - C. F. Cross - Страница 2

INTRODUCTORY NOTE.

CHAPTER I. CELLULOSE: THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL MEMBERS OF THE CELLULOSE GROUP, WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR NATURAL HISTORY.

Animal Cellulose.

Compounds of Cellulose.

Cellulose and Chlorine.

Cellulose and Oxygen.

Decomposition of Cellulose.

Amyloid.

Hydracellulose.

Cellulose and nitric acid: β Oxycellulose. *

Alkalis.

Water at High Temperature.

Decomposition by means of ferments, &c.

Humus.

Synthesis of Cellulose.

Modifications of Cellulose in the Plant. Compound Celluloses.

Iodine.

Bromine.

Chlorine.

Dilute Mineral Acids.

Dilute Alkalis.

Water at High Temperatures.

Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid.

Sulphuric Acid.

Nitric and Sulphuric Acids.

Animal Digestion of Ligno-cellulose.

Distribution of Ligno-celluloses.

Decay of Ligno-cellulose.

Decomposition by Heat.

General conclusions.

Adipo-cellulose.

Pecto-Cellulose.

CHAPTER II.

PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FIBRES.

Microscopical Examination.

CHAPTER III. SCHEME FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLANT SUBSTANCES.

CHAPTER IV. AN ACCOUNT OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL RAW MATERIALS.

Class A. C OTTON.

Class B.

Class C.

CHAPTER V. PROCESSES FOR ISOLATING CELLULOSE FROM PLANT SUBSTANCES.

CHAPTER VI. SPECIAL TREATMENT OF VARIOUS FIBRES; BOILERS, BOILING PROCESSES, ETC.

Rags

Esparto.

Straw.

Jute, Manilla, Adansonia, &c.

Wood.

“Broke” Paper.

Mechanical Wood Pulp.

CHAPTER VII. BLEACHING.

Electrolytic Bleaching.

CHAPTER VIII. BEATING.

CHAPTER IX. LOADING, SIZING, COLOURING, ETC.

Loading.

Sizing.

Colouring.

CHAPTER X. PAPER MACHINES; HAND-MADE PAPER.

The Paper Machine.

Strainers.

Tub-sizing.

Preparation of Size.

Single-cylinder Machines.

CHAPTER XI. CALENDERING, CUTTING, E TC.

Cutting.

Single-sheet Cutter.

Guillotine Cutter.

Sorting.

CHAPTER XII. CAUSTIC SODA, RECOVERED SODA, E TC.

Soda Recovery.

Causticising.

CHAPTER XIII. PAPER TESTING.

Determination of Composition of Papers.

CHAPTER XIV. GENERAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR PAPER-MAKERS.

Caustic Soda, Soda Ash, Recovered Soda, &c.

Bleaching Powder.

Alum, Sulphate of Alumina, Alum Cake, &c.

Antichlor, Sodium Thiosulphate, Sodium Sulphite, &c.

Starches.

Gelatine.

Soaps.

Dyes, Pigments, Loading Materials, &c.

CHAPTER XV. SITE FOR PAPER-MILL, WATER-SUPPLY, WATER PURIFICATION, ETC.

Water Pur­i­fi­ca­tion.

CHAPTER XVI. ACTION OF CUPRAMMONIUM ON CELLULOSE. PREPARATION OF WILLESDEN PAPER.

CHAPTER XVII. STATISTICS.

Raw Materials.

Manufactured Material.

CHAPTER XVIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY.

CHAPTER XIX. ADDENDA.

The Yaryan Process of Evaporation.

Ferric Oxide Causticising Process.

INDEX.

ADVERTISEMENTS.