Читать книгу Anthropology For Dummies - Cameron M. Smith - Страница 3

1  Cover

2  Title Page

3  Copyright

4  Introduction About This Book Foolish Assumptions Icons Used in This Book Beyond the Book Where to Go from Here

5  Part 1: What Is Anthropology? Chapter 1: Human Beings and Being Human: An Overview of Anthropology Digging Into Anthropology’s History Getting Acquainted with Anthropology’s Subfields Making Sense of Anthropology’s Methods Applied Anthropology: Using the Science in Everyday Life Chapter 2: Looking Into Humanity’s Mirror: Anthropology’s History Getting to the Heart of Anthropology Dazed and Confused: What It Is to Be Human -Isms and the Making of Anthropology Anthropology Today Chapter 3: Actually, Four Mirrors: How Anthropology Is Studied Physical Anthropology and the Evolutionary Basis of Biology Archaeology: The Study of Ancient Societies Linguistic Anthropology Cultural Anthropology: The Study of Living Societies

6  Part 2: Physical Anthropology and Archaeology Chapter 4: The Wildest Family Reunion: Meet the Primates Monkey Business: Primate Origins You Look Like an Ape: Primate Species Yes, We Have No Bananas: Primate Subsistence Monkeying Around: Primate Locomotion Monkey See, Monkey Do: Primate Social Groups and Behavior Primates Today (But For How Long?) Chapter 5: My Career Is in Ruins: How Anthropologists Learn about the Past What, How Old, and Where: It’s All You Need to Know Keeping Time: How Archaeologists Date Finds Saving Space: How Archaeologists Keep Track of Where Artifacts Are Found Type Casting: How Archaeologists Classify Their Finds Chapter 6: Bones of Contention: The Fossil Evidence for Early Human Evolution Great Africa: The Earliest Hominins Stand and Deliver: The Riddles of Bipedalism All the Same from the Neck Down: The Australopithecines The Cracked Mirror: Early Homo The Traveler: The Accomplishments of Homo erectus Chapter 7: It’s Good to Be Home: Homo sapiens sapiens, Our Biological Species Distinguishing Modern Homo sapiens sapiens (That’s You!) Africa: The Cradle of Humanity Out of Africa: An Epic Dispersal The Origins of Language: The Social Grooming Theory The Origins of the Modern Mind Chapter 8: Hunting, Fishing, Sailing, and Sledding: The Dispersal of Humanity Worldwide Dispersal and Survival: The Decoupling of Behavior from Biology The Earliest Settlement of Australasia Another Grand Exploration: The Colonization of the New World Igloos, Dogs, and Whalebone Knives: The Colonization of the Arctic The Voyage of Ru and Hina: The Colonization of the Pacific High Altitude People: Early Settlement of the Tibetan Plateau Big-River People: Early Settlement of the Amazon and Congo Basins Desert People: Early Settlement of the Sahara Chapter 9: Old, Old McDonald: The Origins of Farming The Principle of Domestication Principles of Horticulture Principles of Farming Looking Back on the Origins of Farming The Early Farming Village The Making of Man’s Best Friend: the Early Domestication of Dogs Chapter 10: The Development of Civilization Human Subsistence and Social Organization The Characteristics of Civilization Charting the Rise and Fall of the First Civilizations Civilization Today: Will It Fall, Too?

7  Part 3: Cultural Anthropology and Linguistics Chapter 11: The Spice of Life: Human Culture Demystifying the Definition of Culture What Culture Is and What Culture Isn’t Cultural Universals Having an Out-of-Body Experience Opening Your Human Behavior Owner’s Manual Getting Your Cultural Education From Mop-Tops to Mötley Crüe: What Is Cultural Change? Cultural Evolution Chapter 12: From Kalahari to Minneapolis: How Cultural Anthropologists Work Watching Cultural Anthropology Grow Up A More Personal Approach: Emic Research Considering Recent Developments Striving for Accuracy Going into the Field: Getting Prepared for Less-Than-Ideal Conditions Chapter 13: Can We Talk? Communication, Symbols, and Language Exploring the Complexity of Human Language Ready to Swear: How the Human Mind Is Hard-Wired for Language Watching Human Language Evolve Chapter 14: Types of Types: Race and Ethnicity The Kinds of Humanity: Human Physical Variation Why Is Everyone Different? Human Cultural Variation Chapter 15: Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner? Identity, Family, Kinship, and Gender Am I “Cameron” or “a Smith”? The Scales of Human Identity A Family Affair Kinship Sex and Gender Kinship and Gender Worldwide and through Time Age and Stage of Life Chapter 16: Not at the Dinner Table! Religion and Politics What Is Religion? The Material and Supernatural Worlds Ritual and Religion The Organization of Supernatural Knowledge The Origins of Religion Types of Religions The Relations of Power: Politics The Politics of Polarization

8  Part 4: So What? Anthropology, the Modern World, and You Chapter 17: Kiss or Kill? Diversity, Conflict, and Culture The Anthropology of Conflict and Conflict Resolution Globalization and Human Culture Chapter 18: Looming Disasters? From Overpopulation to Space Debris The Only Constant Is Change Overpopulation Climate Change Say What? The Loss of Linguistic Diversity Food and Water Availability/Famine Disease Space Debris Your New Home on Mars! Issues of Space Settlement Chapter 19: Eve and the Iceman: The Cutting Edge of Physical Anthropology Molecular Anthropology DNA and the Mitochondrial Eve Neanderthals and You: The Neanderthal Genome The Iceman Chapter 20: Stonehenge and You: Why Archaeology Matters History Is Written by the Winners: The Importance of Archaeology Conversation Stoppers? Archaeology and the Unknown

9  Part 5: The Part of Tens Chapter 21: Ten Things to Remember About Anthropology, Whatever Else You Forget The Use of Tools Separated Behavior from Anatomy We’re Not Just Like Apes, We ARE Apes Nobody Knows Why Hominids First Walked Upright (Yet) Everyone Is in the Human Race Civilization is Brand-New There Are Many Ways to be Human Culture Doesn’t Ride on Genes Language and Metaphor Are the Keys to Human Success Absolutely, There Are No Absolutes There is No Ladder of Progress Chapter 22: Ten Great Careers for Anthropology Majors Academic Anthropology Cultural/Human Resources Forensic Anthropology Crime Scene Investigation Primate Biology Primate Ethology Diplomacy Museum Work Library Science Contract Archaeology Chapter 23: Ten (Or So) Great Anthropologically Themed Movies and Books Cave of Forgotten Dreams Once We Were Warriors The Places in Between Gorillas in the Mist Neanderthal Quest for Fire Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors Maps and Dreams Dances of Life Chapter 24: The Top Ten Myths about the Human Past All Human Societies Evolved in the Same Direction Prehistoric Life Was Nasty, Brutish, and Short Ancient People Were Perfectly in Balance with Nature Farming Is Easier and Better than Foraging Ancient Monuments Had Just One Purpose “Primitive Technology” Was Limited Cave Art Was about Men Hunting Animals It’s Nature or Nurture History Repeats Itself Having Reached a Peak, Human Evolution Has Ended

10  Index

11  About the Author

12  Connect with Dummies

13  End User License Agreement