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To make the BMI a more accurate tool for predicting the health risks of carrying extra weight, the National Institutes of Health suggests adding a second measurement, the waist circumference — in other words, the apple/pear test.

An apple is a body with lots of fat around the middle: your waist. A pear has fat around the hips and thighs. Apples have a higher risk of diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

To identify your body type, wrap a measuring tape around your middle, just above your hip bones. Take a deep breath. Let it out. See what the tape says. That’s your waist.

Table 4-4 shows the relative risks of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease associated with different waist measurements.