Читать книгу Handbook of MRI Technique - Catherine Westbrook - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
5 Preface
8 1 How to Use This Book INTRODUCTION COMMON INDICATIONS BASIC ANATOMY EQUIPMENT PATIENT POSITIONING SLICE PRESCRIPTION SUGGESTED PROTOCOL PROTOCOL OPTIMIZATION PATIENT CONSIDERATIONS CONTRAST USAGE SUMMARY TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED IN PART 2 CONCLUSION
9 Part 1: Theoretical and Practical Concepts 2 Protocol Parameters and Trade‐offs INTRODUCTION SIGNAL‐TO‐NOISE RATIO (SNR) CONTRAST‐TO‐NOISE RATIO (CNR) SPATIAL RESOLUTION SCAN TIME DECISION STRATEGIES CONCLUSION 3 Pulse Sequences INTRODUCTION CONVENTIONAL SPIN ECHO (CSE) FAST SPIN ECHO OR TURBO SPIN ECHO (FSE/TSE) INVERSION RECOVERY (IR/FSE/TSE‐IR) REWOUND GRADIENT ECHO BALANCED GRE SPOILED GRE REVERSE ECHO GRE ECHO PLANAR IMAGING (EPI) CONCLUSION 4 Flow Phenomena and Artefacts FLOW PHENOMENA INTRODUCTION TIME OF FLIGHT (TOF) ENTRY SLICE PHENOMENON INTRA‐VOXEL DEPHASING FLOW ARTEFACT REMEDIES ARTEFACTS INTRODUCTION PHASE MISMAPPING ALIASING CHEMICAL SHIFT OUT‐OF‐PHASE SIGNAL CANCELLATION TRUNCATION MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MAGIC ANGLE CONCLUSION 5 Gating and Respiratory Compensation Techniques INTRODUCTION CARDIAC GATING (ECG/EKG GATING) PERIPHERAL GATING (PE GATING) CINÉ IMAGING IMAGING PLANES RESPIRATORY COMPENSATION (RC) CONCLUSION 6 Patient Care and Safety INTRODUCTION PATIENT SCREENING SAFETY ZONES SAFETY CONCERNS DURING THE EXAMINATION PATIENT COUNSELLING PATIENT IMMOBILIZATION PATIENT AFTER‐CARE CONCLUSION 7 Contrast Agents INTRODUCTION GD‐BASED POSITIVE CONTRAST AGENTS NEGATIVE CONTRAST AGENTS PATIENT CONSIDERATIONS CONCLUSION
10 Part 2: Examination Areas 8 Head and Neck BRAIN TEMPORAL LOBES INTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS AND POSTERIOR FOSSA PITUITARY FOSSA ORBITS PARANASAL SINUSES PHARYNX LARYNX THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS SALIVARY GLANDS TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS VASCULAR IMAGING HEAD AND NECK IMAGING – KEY POINTS 9 Spine CERVICAL SPINE THORACIC SPINE LUMBAR SPINE WHOLE SPINE IMAGING SPINE IMAGING – KEY POINTS 10 Chest LUNGS AND MEDIASTINUM HEART AND GREAT VESSELS THYMUS BREAST AXILLA BRACHIAL PLEXUS CHEST IMAGING – KEY POINTS 11 Abdomen LIVER AND BILIARY SYSTEM KIDNEYS AND ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS BOWEL VASCULAR IMAGING ABDOMINAL IMAGING – KEY POINTS 12 Pelvis PROSTATE RECTUM AND TESTES UTERUS AND CERVIX PELVIC IMAGING – KEY POINTS 13 Upper Limb SHOULDER HUMERUS ELBOW FOREARM WRIST AND HAND UPPER LIMB IMAGING – KEY POINTS 14 Lower Limb HIPS FEMUR KNEE TIBIA AND FIBULA ANKLE FOOT VASCULAR IMAGING LOWER LIMB IMAGING – KEY POINTS 15 Paediatric Imaging INTRODUCTION CREATING THE RIGHT ENVIRONMENT SEDATION AND ANAESTHESIA THE MRI EXAMINATION CONCLUSION PAEDIATRIC IMAGING – KEY POINTS
11 Index
