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P. Raymond Begg (1898–1983):

 Developed the Begg appliance in the 1950s.

 An Australian dentist.

 Attended the Angle School of Orthodontia in Pasadena, California in 1924 and was one of the first at the school to treat patients with the standard edgewise appliance.

 In 1925 he travelled back to Adelaide, South Australia to treat his own patients in orthodontics.

 Became a professor at the University of Adelaide.

 Was also known to develop the Australian orthodontic wires.

 In 1980 he retired and then died in 1983.

Begg appliance (Figure 1.3):

 This appliance was designed to overcome the high anchorage demand of the standard edgewise appliance and is a light anchorage appliance.

 Another name for the Begg appliance is the lightwire appliance.

 The components of the appliance are the bracket, pin, and archwire.Figure 1.3 A Begg appliance. The components of the bracket are labelled.Figure 1.4 How the Begg appliance works. (a) The teeth are tipped into the desired position by the use of inter‐maxillary elastics. The lines on the photograph show the inclination of how the upper and lower teeth sit. (b) The roots of these teeth are uprighted by the use of auxiliary springs.

 To ensure full engagement of the archwire, the pin is used to hold the archwire within the bracket slot.

 The appliance is dependent on round archwires only, which fit loosely into the bracket slot at the top of the bracket – this allows a lot of slop (play) within the bracket.

 Final detailing of teeth is difficult to achieve in this type of appliance.

The Begg appliance uses different methods to gain tooth movement (Figure 1.4):

 Round archwires and inter‐maxillary elastics tip the teeth into the desired position.

 Auxiliary springs or loops are placed within the archwire to help upright the roots of the teeth and achieve rotational movement.

 To provide intra‐oral anchorage, extractions can be considered, since intra‐oral elastic wear would use the posterior segment as an anchor unit to help retract the anterior segment.

 Patient compliance is important throughout treatment with this appliance, as it is very dependent on intra‐oral elastics.