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Charles Darwin
The Origin of Species
Читать книгу The Origin of Species - Charles Darwin, Charles Darwin - Страница 1
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Страница 1
THE
ORIGIN OF
SPECIES Charles Darwin
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 Variation Under Domestication
Causes of Variability
Effects of Habit and of The Use or Disuse of Parts; Correlated Variation; Inheritance
Character of Domestic Varieties; Difficulty of Distinguishing Between Varieties and Species; Origin of Domestic Varieties From One or More Species.
Breeds of The Domestic Pigeon, Their Differences and Origin.
Principles of Selection Anciently Followed, and Their Effects.
Unconscious Selection.
Circumstances Favourable to Man’s Power of Selection
.
CHAPTER 2 Variation Under Nature
Individual Differences
Doubtful Species.
Wide-Ranging, Much Diffused, and Common Species Vary Most.
Species of The Larger Genera in Each Country Vary More Frequently Than The Species of The Smaller Genera.
Many of The Species Included Within The Larger Genera Resemble Varieties in Being Very Closely, but Unequally, Related to Each other, and in having Restricted Ranges.
Summary.
CHAPTER 3 Struggle for Existence
The Term, Struggle for Existence, Used in a Large Sense
.
Geometrical Ratio of Increase.
Nature of The Checks to Increase.
Complex Relations of All Animals and Plants to Each Other in The Struggle for Existence.
Struggle for Life Most Severe between Individuals and Varieties of The Same Species.
CHAPTER 4 Natural Selection; or the Survival of the Fittest
Sexual Selection.
Illustrations of the Action of Natural Selection, or the Survival of the Fittest.
Circumstances Favourable for The Production of New Forms Through Natural Selection.
Extinction Caused by Natural Selection.
Divergence of Character
The Probable Effects of the Action of Natural Selection Through Divergence of Character and Extinction, on the Descendants of a Common Ancestor.
On The Degree to which Organisation Tends to Advance.
Convergence of Character.
Summary of Chapter.
CHAPTER 5 Laws of Variation
Effects of the Increased Use and Disuse of Parts, as Controlled by Natural Selection.
Acclimatisation.
Correlated Variation.
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