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ОглавлениеThe ARRAY command allows you to make multiple copies in a RECTANGULAR or Circular (POLAR) pattern and even on a PATH. The maximum limit of copies per array is 100,000. This limit can be changed but should accommodate most users. (Refer to the Help menu if you choose to change the limit)
RECTANGULAR ARRAY
This method allows you to make multiple copies of object(s) in a rectangular pattern. You specify the number of rows (horizontal), columns (vertical) and the spacing between the rows and columns. The spacing will be equally spaced between copies.
Spacing is sometimes tricky to understand. Read this carefully. The spacing is the distance from a specific location on the original to that same location on the future copy. It is not just the space in between the two. Refer to the example below.
To use the rectangular array command you will select the object(s), specify how many rows and columns desired and the spacing for the rows and the columns.
Refer to step by step instructions on page 1-3.
Example of a Rectangular Array:
How to create a RECTANGULAR ARRAY
1. Draw a 1” (Inch) Square Rectangle.
2. Select the ARRAY command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / Array orKeyboard = Array <enter> |
3. Select Rectangular Array.
4. Select Objects: Select the Object to be Arrayed
5. Select Objects: Select more objects or <enter> to stop
The Array Creation tab appears with a 3 × 4 grid array of the object selected.
6. Make any changes necessary in the Array Creation tab, then press <enter> to display any changes.
7. If the display is correct select Close Array.
How to edit a RECTANGULAR ARRAY
1. Select the Array to edit.
The Array panel is displayed. (The Quick Properties will also be displayed if you have the QP button ON in the Status bar.)
2. Make any changes necessary in the Array Creation tab, then press <enter> to display any changes.
3. If the display is correct select Close Array.
How to edit a RECTANGULAR ARRAY
Using Grips to edit.
You may also use the Grips to edit the spacing. Just click on a grip and drag.
A. The first or allows you to change the spacing between the columns or rows.
B. The last or allows you to change the total spacing between the base point and the last or and also to add extra columns or rows, or change the axis angle.
C. The allows you to change the total row and column spacing simultaneously, and also to add extra columns and rows simultaneously.
D. Use the Base Point grip to MOVE the entire Array.
How to edit a RECTANGULAR ARRAY
Using Grips to edit.
POLAR ARRAY
This method allows you to make multiple copies in a circular pattern. You specify the total number of copies to fill a specific Angle or specify the angle between each copy and angle to fill.
To use the polar array command you select the object(s) to array, specify the center of the array, specify the number of copies or the angle between the copies, the angle to fill and if you would like the copies to rotate as they are copied.
Example of a Polar Array
Note: the two examples shown above use the objects default base point. The examples below display what happens if you specify a basepoint.
How to create a POLAR ARRAY
Using “Number of Items”.
1. Draw a 3” Radius circle.
2. Add a .50 Radius 3 sided Polygon and place as shown.
3. Select the ARRAY command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / Array orKeyboard = Array <enter> |
4. Select Polar Array.
5. Select Objects: Select the Object to be Arrayed. (Polygon)
6. Select Objects: Select more objects or <enter> to stop
7. Specify center point of array or [Base point / Axis of Rotation] Select the Center Point of the Circle
The Array Creation tab appears and the array defaults to 6 items.
8. Enter Items: 12
9. Enter Fill: 360
10. Press <enter> to display the selections
11. Select Close Array if display is correct
Note:
12 items were evenly distributed within 360 degrees
How to create a POLAR ARRAY
Using “Angle Between”.
1. Draw a 3” Radius circle.
2. Add a .50 Radius 3 sided Polygon and place as shown.
3. Select the ARRAY command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / Array orKeyboard = Array <enter> |
4. Select Polar Array.
5. Select Objects: Select the Object to be Arrayed. (Polygon)
6. Select Objects: Select more objects or <enter> to stop
7. Specify center point of array or [Base point / Axis of Rotation] Select the Center Point of the Circle
The Array Creation tab appears and the array defaults to 6 items.
8. Enter Items: 6
9. Enter Between: 45
10. Press <enter> to display the selections
11. Select Close Array if display is correct
Note:
6 items were copied at each 45 degree ccw
How to create a POLAR ARRAY
Using “Fill Angle”.
1. Draw a 3” Radius circle.
2. Add a .50 Radius 3 sided Polygon and place as shown.
3. Select the ARRAY command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / Array orKeyboard = Array <enter> |
4. Select Polar Array.
5. Select Objects: Select the Object to be Arrayed. (Polygon)
6. Select Objects: Select more objects or <enter> to stop
7. Specify center point of array or [Base point / Axis of Rotation] Select the Center Point of the Circle
The Array Creation tab appears and the array defaults to 6 items.
8. Enter Items: 8
9. Enter Fill: 180
10. Press <enter> to display the selections
11. Select Close Array if display is correct
Note:
8 items were evenly distributed within 180 degrees
How to create a PATH ARRAY
1. Draw a Line 6” long at 20 degrees..
2. Add a 0.500” × 0.500” Rectangle as shown.
3. Select the ARRAY command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / Array orKeyboard = Array <enter> |
4. Select Path Array.
5. Select Objects: Select the Object to be Arrayed. (The small Rectangle)
6. Select Objects: Select more objects or <enter> to stop
7. Specify Path Curve: Select the Path. (The angled Line)
Note: The Path can be a line, polyline, spline, helix, arc, circle or ellipse.
The Array Creation tab appears and the array defaults to 9 items.
8. Make any alterations and press <enter> to display.
9. If correct select Close Array.
The BREAK command allows you to break an object at a single point (Break at Point) or between two points (Break). I think of it as breaking a single line segment into two segments or taking a bite out of an object.
METHOD 1 - Break at a Single Point
How to break one Line into two separate objects with no visible space in between.
1. Select the BREAK AT POINT command by using:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / |
2. _break Select objects: select the object to break (P1).
3. Specify first break point: select break location (P2) accurately.
Note:
The single line is now 2 lines but no gap in between the 2 lines. For example, a 2 inch long line would become two 1 inch lines butted together.
METHOD 2 - Break between 2 points. (Take a bite out of an object)
Use this method if the location of the BREAK is not important.
1. Select the BREAK command by using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = BR <enter> |
2. _break Select objects: select the object to break (P1).
3. Specify first break point: select break location (P2) accurately.
Note:
A. Circles break Counter clockwise. (CCW)
B. Circles can’t be broken with “1 point”. You must use 2 points.
The following method is the same as method 2 above; however, use this method if the location of the break is very specific.
1. Select the BREAK command.
2. _break Select objects: select the object to break (P1) anywhere on the object.
3. Specify second break point or [First point]: type F <enter>.
4. Specify first break point: select the first break location (P2) accurately.
5. Specify second break point: select the second break location (P3) accurately.
The CHAMFER command allows you to create a chamfered corner on two lines. There are two methods: Distance (below) and Angle (next page).
DISTANCE METHOD
Distance Method requires input of a distance for each side of the corner.
1. Select the CHAMFER command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = CHA <enter> |
Command: _chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.000, Dist2 = 0.000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: select “D” <enter>
Specify first chamfer distance <0.000>: type the distance for first side <enter>.
Specify second chamfer distance <0.000>: type the distance for second side <enter>
2. Now chamfer the object. Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: select the (First side) to be chamfered (distance 1). Select second line or shift-select to apply corner or [Distance/Angle/Method]: select the (Second side) to be chamfered (distance 2).
Note: When you place the cursor on the second side, AutoCAD displays the Chamfer and allows you to change the Distances before it is actually drawn. If you choose to change the Distance, select the Distance option, enter new distance values then select the 2nd side.
ANGLE METHOD
Angle method requires input for the length of the line and an angle.
1. Select the CHAMFER command
Command: _chamfer
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 1.000, Dist2 = 1.000
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/method/Multiple]: type A <enter>
Specify chamfer length on the first line <0.000>: type the chamfer length <enter>
Specify chamfer angle from the first line <0>: type the angle <enter>
2. Now Chamfer the object
Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: select the (First Line) to be chamfered. (the length side)
Select second line or shift-select to apply corner: select the (second line) to be chamfered. (the Angle side)
OPTIONS:
Polyline: This option allows you to Chamfer all intersections of a Polyline in one operation. Such as all 4 corners of a rectangle.
Trim: This option controls whether the original lines are trimmed or remain after the corners are chamfered. (Set to Trim or No trim.)
mEthod: Allows you to switch between Distance and Angle method. The distance or angle must have been set previously.
Multiple: Repeats the Chamfer command until you press <enter> or Esc key.
The COPY command creates a duplicate set of the objects selected. The COPY command is similar to the MOVE command.
The steps required are:
1. Select the objects to be copied.
2. Select a base point.
3. Select a New location for the New copy.
The difference between Copy and Move commands:
The Move command merely moves the objects to a new location.
The Copy command makes a copy and you select the location for the new copy.
1. Select the Copy command using one of the following commands:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = CO <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _copy
Select objects: select the objects you want to copy
Select objects: stop selecting objects by selecting <enter>
Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: select a base point (P1)
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: select the
new location (P2) for the first copy
Specify second point or [Exit / Undo] <Exit>: select the new location (P2) for the
next copy or press <enter> to exit.
Note:
If you select the option mOde, you may select Single or Multiple copy mode. The default setting is Multiple. It is practical to leave the mode setting at Multiple. If you choose to make only one copy just press <enter> to exit the Copy command.
The copy command continues to make copies until you press <enter> to exit.
COPY “Array” option
The Copy command allows you to make an Array of copies.
After you have selected the Base point the following prompt appears:
Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>:
If you select the option Array,
1. Enter the number of items to Array: type in 4 <enter>
2. Place 2nd Point or [Fit]: Place 2nd point or select F <enter>
Note: The Array option within the Copy command is a quick method to create multiple copies. For more accurate array options use the Array command.
COPY using DRAG
The Drag option allows you to quickly move or copy an object(s).
EXAMPLE:
1. Draw a Circle.
2. Select the Circle.
5 little boxes appear. These are Grips and allow you to edit the object. Grips will be discussed more in future lessons.
3. Click on the Circle and hold the right hand mouse button down as you drag the Circle to the right.
4. When the dragged Circle is in the desired location release the Right Mouse button and an options menu will appear.
5. Select Move Here, Copy Here, or Cancel.
| Move Here: | The original object selected will move to the new location. |
| Copy Here: | The original object will remain in it’s original location and a copy will appear in the new location. |
The DIVIDE command divides an object mathematically by the NUMBER of segments you specify. A POINT (object) is placed at each interval on the object.
Note: the object selected is NOT broken into segments. The POINTS are simply drawn ON the object.
EXAMPLE:
1. First open the Point Style box and select the POINT STYLE to be placed on the object.
| Ribbon = Home tab / Utilities Panel / / Point StyleorKeyboard = ddptype <enter> |
2. Next select the DIVIDE command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Draw Panel / / orKeyboard = DIV <enter> |
3. Select Object to divide: select the object to divide
4. Enter the number of segments or [Block]: type the number of segments <enter>
There are 3 methods to erase (delete) objects from the drawing. They all work equally well. You decide which one you prefer to use.
Method 1
Select the Erase command first and then select the objects.
Example:
1. Start the Erase command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = E <enter> |
2. Select objects: Pick one or more objects
Select Objects: Press <enter> and the objects selected will disappear.
Method 2
Select the Objects first and then the Delete Key.
Example:
1. Select the object to be erased.
2. Press the Delete Key.
Method 3
Select the Objects first and then select the Erase command from the Shortcut Menu.
Example:
1. Select the object to be erased.
2. Press the right Mouse button.
3. Select Erase from the Shortcut Menu using the left mouse button.
Note: Very Important
If you want the erased objects to return, select the Undo tool from the Quick Access Toolbar. This will Undo the last command. More about Undo and Redo later.
The EXPLODE command changes (explodes) an object into its primitive objects. For example: A rectangle is originally one object. If you explode it, it changes into 4 lines. Visually you will not be able to see the change unless you select one of the lines.
1. Select the Explode command by using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = X <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _explode
Select objects: select the object(s) you want to explode.
Select objects: select <enter>.
(Notice there is no visible difference. But now you have 4 lines instead of 1 Rectangle).
Try this:
Draw a rectangle and then click on it. The entire object highlights. Now explode the rectangle, then click on it again. Only the line you clicked on should be highlighted. Each line that forms the rectangular shape is now an individual object.
The EXTEND command is used to extend an object to a boundary. The object to be extended must actually or theoretically intersect the boundary.
1. Select the EXTEND command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = EX <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _extend
Current settings: Projection = UCS Edge = Extend
Select boundary edges ...
Select objects or <select all>: select boundary (P1) by clicking on the object.
Select objects: stop selecting boundaries by selecting <enter>.
Select object to extend or shift-select to Trim or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: select the object that you want to extend (P2 and P3). (Select the end of the object that you want to extend.)
Select object to extend or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: stop selecting objects by pressing <enter>.
Note: When selecting the object to be extended (P2 and P3 above) click on the end pointing towards the boundary.
Fence Use a “Fence” line to select objects to extend
Crossing You may select objects using a Crossing Window
Project Same as Edge except used only in “3D”.
Edge (Extend or No Extend)
In the “Extend” mode, (default mode) the boundary and the Objects to be extended need only intersect if the objects were infinite in length.
In the “No Extend” mode the boundary and the objects to be extended must visibly intersect.
Undo You may “undo” the last extended object while in the Extend command
The FILLET command will create a radius between two objects. The objects do not have to be touching. If two parallel lines are selected, it will construct a full radius.
RADIUS A CORNER
1. Select the FILLET command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify panel / orKeyboard = F <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
3. Set the radius of the fillet
Command: _fillet
Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.000
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: type "R" <enter>
Specify fillet radius <0.000>: type the radius <enter>
4. Now fillet the objects
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: select the 1st object to be filleted
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]: select the 2nd object to be filleted
Note: When you place the Cursor on the second object, AutoCAD displays the Fillet and allows you to change the Radius before it is actually drawn. If you choose to change the Radius, select the Radius option, enter a new radius value then select the 2nd object.
The FILLET command may also be used to create a square corner.
SQUARE CORNER
1. Select the FILLET command
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: select the 1st object (P1)
Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Hold the shift key down while selecting the 2nd object (P2)
Note: The corner trim direction depends on which end of the object you select. Select the ends that you wish to keep.
OPTIONS:
Polyline: This option allows you to fillet all intersections of a Polyline in one operation, such as all 4 corners of a rectangle.
Trim: This option controls whether the original lines are trimmed to the end of the Arc or remain the original length. (Set to Trim or No trim)
Multiple: Repeats the fillet command until you press <enter> or Esc key.
Match Properties is used to “paint” the properties of one object to another. This is a simple and useful command. You first select the object that has the desired properties (the source object) and then select the object you want to “paint” the properties to (destination object).
Only one “source object” can be selected but its properties can be painted to any number of “destination objects”.
1. Select the Match Properties command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Clipboard panel / or Keyboard = MA <enter> |
Command: matchprop
2. Select source object: select the object with the desired properties to match
3. Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: select the object(s) you want to receive the matching properties.
4. Select destination object(s) or [Settings]: select more objects or <enter> to stop.
Note: If you do not want to match all of the properties, after you have selected the source object, right click and select “Settings” from the short cut menu, before selecting the destination object. Uncheck all the properties you do not want to match and select the OK button. Then select the destination object(s).
The MEASURE command is very similar to the DIVIDE command because point objects are drawn at intervals on an object. However, the MEASURE command allows you to specify the LENGTH of the segments rather than the number of segments.
Note: the object selected is NOT broken into segments. The POINTS are simply drawn ON the object.
EXAMPLE:
The MEASUREment was started at the left endpoint, and ended just short of the right end of the line. The remainder is less than the measurement length specified. You designate which end you want the measurement to start by selecting the end when prompted to select the object.
1. First open the Point Style box and select the POINT STYLE to be placed on the object.
| Ribbon = Home tab / Utilities Panel / Point StyleorKeyboard = ddptype <enter> |
(Refer to the Point command if you need a refresher on Points)
2. Next select the MEASURE command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Draw Panel / orKeyboard = ME <enter> |
3. Select Object to MEASURE: select the object to MEASURE
(Note: this selection point is also where the MEASUREment will start.)
4. Specify length of segment or [Block]: type the length of one segment <enter>
The following tools are very useful to confirm the location or size of objects.
The Measure tools enables you to measure the Distance, Radius, Angle, Area, or Volume of a selected object. The default option is Distance.
1. You may access these tools as follows:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Utilities Panel / Measure |
2. Select one of the tools and follow the instructions on the command line.
ID Point
The ID Point command will list the X and Y coordinates of the point that you select. The coordinates listed will be from the Origin.
| Ribbon = Home tab / Utilities Panel / orKeyboard = ID <enter> |
1. Select the ID Point command by typing: ID <enter>
2. Select a location point, such as the endpoint of a line.
The X, Y and Z location coordinates for the endpoint will be displayed.
Example:
1. Command: id<enter>
2. Snap to the endpoint
3. Coordinates, from the Origin, are displayed.
The MIRROR command allows you to make a mirrored image of any objects you select. You can use this command for creating right / left hand parts or draw half of a symmetrical object and mirror it to save drawing time.
1. Select the MIRROR command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = Ml <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _mirror
Select objects: select the objects to be mirrored
Select objects: stop selecting objects by selecting <enter>
Specify first point of mirror line: select the 1st end of the mirror line
Specify second point of mirror line: select the 2nd end of the mirror line
Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: select Y or N
Note:
The placement of the “Mirror Line” is important. You may make a mirrored copy horizontally, vertically or on an angle. See examples below and on the previous page.
How to control text when using the Mirror command:
(Do the following before you use the mirror command)
1. At the command line type: mirrtext <enter>
2. If you want the text to mirror (reverse reading) type: 1 <enter>
If you do not want the text to mirror, type: 0 <enter>
The MOVE command is used to move object(s) from their current location (base point) to a new location (second displacement point).
1. Select the Move command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = M <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _move
Select objects: select the object(s) you want to move (P1).
Select objects: select more objects or stop selecting object(s) by selecting <enter>
Specify base point or displacement: select a location (P2) (usually on the object).
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: move the
object to its new location (P3) and press the left mouse button.
Warning: If you press <enter> instead of actually picking a new location (P3) with the mouse, AutoCAD will send it into Outer Space. If this happens just select the undo tool and try again.
MOVE using DRAG
The Drag option allows you to quickly move or copy an object(s).
EXAMPLE:
1. Draw a Circle.
2. Select the Circle.
5 little boxes appear. These are Grips and allow you to edit the object. Grips will be discussed more in future lessons.
3. Click on the Circle and hold the right hand mouse button down as you drag the Circle to the right.
4. When the dragged Circle is in the desired location release the Right Mouse button and an options menu will appear.
5. Select Move Here, Copy Here, or Cancel.
| Move Here: | The original object selected will move to the new location. |
| Copy Here: | The original object will remain in it’s original location and a copy will appear in the new location. |
The Nudge option allows you to nudge objects in orthogonal increments.
Note:
Snap mode affects the distance and direction in which the objects are nudged.
Nudge objects with Snap mode turned OFF: Objects move two pixels at a time.
Nudge objects with Snap mode turned ON:
Objects are moved in increments specified by the current Snap spacing.
EXAMPLE:
1. Draw a Circle.
2. Select the Circle.
5 little boxes appear. These are Grips and allow you to edit the object. Grips will be discussed more in future lessons.
3. Hold down the Ctrl key and press one of the Arrow keys
Remember:
The distance the object moves depends on whether you have the Snap mode ON or OFF. (Refer to note above)
The OFFSET command duplicates an object parallel to the original object at a specified distance. You can offset Lines, Arcs, Circles, Ellipses, 2D Polylines and Splines. You may duplicate the original object or assign the offset copy to another layer.
Examples of Offset objects.
HOW TO USE THE OFFSET COMMAND:
METHOD 1
(Duplicate the Original Object)
1. Select the OFFSET command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = offset <enter> |
2. Command: _offset
Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: type the offset distance or select Erase or Layer. (see options on the next page)
3. Select object to offset or <Exit/Undo>: select the object to offset.
4. Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]<Exit>: Select which side of the original you want the duplicate to appear by placing your cursor and clicking. (See options on the next page)
5. Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]<Exit>: Press <enter> to stop.
METHOD 2
(Duplicate original object but assign the Offset copy to a different layer)
To automatically place the offset copy on a different layer than the original you must first change the “current” layer to the layer you want the offset copy to be placed on.
1. Select the layer that you want the offset copy placed on from the list of layers.
2. Select the OFFSET command (refer to previous page)
3. Command: _offset
Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: type L <enter>
4. Enter layer option for offset objects [Current/Source] <Source>: select C <enter>
5. Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: type the offset distance <enter>
6. Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: select the object to offset.
7. Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo]<Exit>: Select which side of the object you want the duplicate to appear by placing your cursor and clicking. (See options below)
8. Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo]<Exit>: Press <enter> to stop.
OPTIONS:
Through: Creates an object passing through a specified point.
Erase: Erases the source object after it is offset.
Layer: Determines whether offset objects are created on the current layer or on the layer of the source object. Select Layer and then select current or source. (Source is the default)
Multiple: Turns on the multiple offset mode, which allows you to continue creating duplicates of the original without re-selecting the original.
Exit: Exits the Offset command.
Undo: Removes the previous offset copy.
The ROTATE command is used to rotate objects around a Base Point. (pivot point) After selecting the objects and the base point, you will enter the rotation angle from its current rotation angle or select a reference angle followed by the new angle.
A Positive rotation angle revolves the objects Counter-Clockwise. A Negative rotation angle revolves the objects Clockwise.
Select the ROTATE command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = RO <enter> |
ROTATION ANGLE OPTION
Command: _rotate
1. Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0 Select objects:
select the object to rotate.
2. Select objects: select more object(s) or <enter> to stop.
3. Specify base point: select the base point (pivot point).
4. Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference]<0>: type the angle of rotation.
REFERENCE OPTION
Command: _rotate
1. Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
Select objects: select the object to rotate.
2. Select objects: select more object(s) or <enter> to stop.
3. Specify base point: select the base point (pivot point).
4. Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: select Reference.
5. Specify the reference angle <0>: Snap to the reference object (1) and (2).
6. Specify the new angle or [Points]: P <enter>.
7. Specify first point: select 1st endpoint of new angle.
8. Specify second point: select 2nd endpoint of new angle.
The SCALE command is used to make objects larger or smaller proportionately. You may scale using a scale factor or a reference length. You must also specify a base point. The base point is a stationary point from which the objects scale.
1. Select the SCALE command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = scale <enter> |
SCALE FACTOR
Command: _scale
2. Select objects: select the object(s) to be scaled
3. Select objects: select more object(s) or <enter> to stop
4. Specify base point: select the stationary point on the object
5. Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference]: type the scale factor <enter>
If the scale factor is greater than 1, the objects will increase in size. If the scale factor is less than 1, the objects will decrease in size.
REFERENCE option
Command: _scale
2. Select objects: select the object(s) to be scaled
3. Select objects: select more object(s) or <enter> to stop
4. Specify base point: select the stationary point on the object
5. Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference]: select Reference
6. Specify reference length <1>: specify a reference length
7. Specify new length: specify the new length
COPY option - creates a duplicate of the selected object. The duplicate is directly on top of the original. The duplicate will be scaled. The Original remains the same.
The STRETCH command allows you to stretch or compress object(s). Unlike the Scale command, you can alter an objects proportion with the Stretch command. In other words, you may increase the length without changing the width and vice versa.
Stretch is a very valuable tool. Take some time to really understand this command. It will save you hours when making corrections to drawings.
When selecting the object(s) you must use a CROSSING window. Objects that are crossed, will stretch. Objects that are totally enclosed, will move.
1. Select the STRETCH command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = S <enter> |
Command: _stretch
2. Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...
Select objects: select the first corner of the crossing window
3. Specify opposite corner: specify the opposite corner of the crossing window
4. Select objects: <enter>
5. Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>:
select a base point (where it stretches from)
6. Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>:
type coordinates or place location with cursor
The TRIM command is used to trim an object to a cutting edge. You first select the “Cutting Edge” and then select the part of the object you want to trim. The object to be trimmed must actually intersect the cutting edge or could intersect if the objects were infinite in length.
1. Select the Trim command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Modify Panel / orKeyboard = TR <enter> |
2. The following will appear on the command line:
Command: _trim
Current settings: Projection = UCS Edge = Extend
Select cutting edges ...
Select objects or <select all>: select cutting edge(s) by clicking on the object (P1)
Select objects: stop selecting cutting edges by pressing the <enter> key
Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: select the object that you want to trim. (P2) (Select the part of the object that you want to disappear, not the part you want to remain)
Select object to trim or [Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: press <enter> to stop
Note: You may toggle between Trim and Extend. Hold down the SHIFT key and the Extend command will activate. Release the SHIFT key and you return to Trim.
Fence Use a “Fence” line to select objects to extend.
Edge See page 1-23
Project Same as Edge except used only in “3D”
Crossing You may select objects using a Crossing Window.
eRase You may erase an object instead of trimming while in the Trim command.
Undo You may “undo” the last trimmed object while in the Trim command
The UNDO and REDO tools allow you to undo or redo previous commands. For example, if you erase an object by mistake, you can UNDO the previous “erase” command and the object will reappear. So don’t panic if you do something wrong. Just use the UNDO command to remove the previous commands.
The Undo and Redo tools are located in the Quick Access Toolbar.
Note:
You may UNDO commands used during a work session until you close the drawing.
How to use the Undo tool.
1. Draw a line, circle and a rectangle.
Your drawing should look approximately like this.
2. Next Erase the Circle and the Rectangle.
(The Circle and the Rectangle disappear.)
3. Select the UNDO arrow.
You have now deleted the ERASE command operation. As a result the erased objects reappear.
How to use the Redo command:
Select the REDO arrow and the Circle and Rectangle will disappear again.
The Wipeout command creates a blank area that covers existing objects. The area has a background that matches the background of the drawing area. This area is bounded by the wipeout frame, which you can turn on or off.
1. Select the Wipeout command using one of the following:
| Ribbon = Home tab / Draw Panel / orKeyboard = Wipeout <enter> |
2. Command: _wipeout Specify first point or [Frames/Polyline] <Polyline>: specify the first point of the shape (P1)
3. Specify next point: specify the next point (P2)
4. Specify next point or [Undo]: specify the next point (P3)
5. Specify next point or [Undo]: specify the next point or <enter> to stop
TURNING FRAMES ON OR OFF
1. Select the Wipeout command.
2. Select the “Frames” option.
3. Enter ON or OFF.
Note: If you want to move the objects and the wipeout area, you must select both and move them at the same time. Do not move them separately.
The ZOOM command is used to move closer to or farther away from an object. This is called Zooming In and Out.
1. Select the Zoom command by using the following:
Ribbon = View tab / Navigate 2D panel
2. Select the down arrow to display all of the selections.
You may also select the Zoom commands using one of the following:
Right Click and select Zoom from the Short cut menu.
Keyboard = Z <enter> Select from the options listed.
How to use ZOOM / WINDOW
1. Select Zoom / Window (Refer to previous page)
2. Create a window around the objects you want to enlarge.
(Creating a “window” is a similar process to drawing a rectangle. It requires a first corner and then a diagonal corner)
Note: the objects have been magnified. But the actual size has not changed.
How to return to Original View
1. Type: Z <enter> A <enter> (This is a shortcut for Zoom / All)
Or you can select the “All” tool from the panel shown on the previous page.
Notes:
