Читать книгу Beginning AutoCAD® 2019 Exercise Workbook - Cheryl R. Shrock - Страница 9
ОглавлениеLESSONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Start AutoCAD program.
2. Understand AutoCAD workspaces.
3. Recognize all of the features in the AutoCAD Window.
4. Understand what the keyboard Function keys are used for.
To Start AutoCAD use one of the 2 methods below.
(Be patient it may take a few minutes to load. It is a large program)
1. Select Start / All Programs / Autodesk / AutoCAD 2019
or
Double click on the AutoCAD 2019 desktop shortcut icon.
2. The “START” page should appear.
Note: Your computer should be connected to the internet.
The Start page contains two sliding content pages called LEARN and CREATE.
CREATE: The Create page (shown below) is displayed by default and allows you to start a New drawing, Open an existing drawing or template, Explore sample drawings, view Recent documents or access Online Services.
You can access the LEARN page by clicking on LEARN at the bottom of the page or on the left-hand side of the page.
You can start a new drawing using the default template by clicking on the Start Drawing tool, or you can access a list of available templates by clicking on the Templates down arrow.
Note: The last template you use will become the new default template and is highlighted in the template drop-down list.
Note:
The drawing template acad.dwt is for inch measurements.
The drawing template acadiso.dwt is for metric measurements.
Click on the Start Drawing tool to open the default template and to open the main AutoCAD drawing workspace.
Note: If your screen does not appear as shown below go to the Intro section of this Workbook and follow the steps for configuring AutoCAD to match the Workbook configuration.
The following pages will describe each area and element.
While you probably would like to jump ahead to start drawing, please be patient and go through the rest of this lesson. It is very important that you understand and are familiar with AutoCAD’s interface.
The AutoCAD Application Window default workspace Drafting & Annotation, is shown below.
Important: I have changed my 2D background color to white for this Workbook. Yours may be another color.
AutoCAD comes with Dark and Light color themes. I have changed to the Light theme, this is just for clarity. You may choose the Light theme if you wish.
You may change the color of many areas using: Options / Display tab / Colors button
If the remainder of your screen does not appear as shown below, go to the Intro section of this Workbook and follow the steps for configuring AutoCAD to match the Workbook configuration.
A description of each area is shown on the following pages.
Application Window Descriptions
Workspace
Workspaces control the display of Ribbons, Tabs, Menus, Toolbars, and Palettes. AutoCAD gives you the option of deciding how you would like them displayed.
When you use a workspace, only the Menus, Toolbars, and Palettes that are relevant to a task are displayed. For example if you selected the 3D Modeling workspace, only 3D Menus, Toolbars and Palettes would be displayed.
There are 3 preset workspaces.
Drafting & Annotation (shown on the previous page)
This workspace is the default display. It displays the necessary Ribbons, Tabs, Menus, Tools and Palettes for 2D drafting. We will be using this workspace for all lessons within this Workbook.
3D Basics
This 3D Basics workspace provides a simple workspace with the most basic Tools for creating and visualizing 3D Models.
3D Modeling
The 3D Modeling workspace provides access to the vast array of 3D Tools in AutoCAD. (For more on 3D modeling, see the Advanced AutoCAD® and AutoCAD® 3D Modeling Exercise Workbooks.)
How to select a workspace
1. Selecting a workspace is easy. Select the on the Workspace Switching icon located on the Status Bar at the bottom right corner of the screen.
2. Select one of the workspace names displayed.
Note: The “Drafting & Annotation” workspace will be used in this Workbook.
Application Menu
The Application Menu provides easy access to common tools. Each of the Tools will be discussed later in the Workbook.
1. Click on the Application Menu button in the upper left corner of the AutoCAD display screen. (The big “A”)
Open Documents
First let me emphasis this is not a method to “open” a drawing file.
Open Documents is a list of all documents that are already open within AutoCAD.
Display choice: The list of documents may be displayed as icons or images. If you hover the cursor over a document name, a preview image will appear.
View Recent Documents
When you select Recent Documents a list of the recently viewed documents will appear.
Display choices: This list may be displayed as icons or images and may be sorted in an ordered list or grouped by date or file type.
If you hover the cursor over a document name a preview image will appear.
Pinned Files
You can keep a file listed regardless of files that you save later using the push pin button to the right. The file is displayed at the bottom of the list until you turn off the push pin button.
Quick Access Toolbar
The Quick Access Toolbar is located in the top left-hand corner of the AutoCAD Window. It includes the most commonly used Tools, such as New, Open, Save, Save as, Print, Undo and Redo.
How to Customize the Quick Access Toolbar
You can add Tools with the Customize User Interface dialog box.
Example:
After you have completed Lesson 4 you will find that you will be using “Zoom All” often. So I added the "Zoom All” Tool to the Quick Access Toolbar. If you would like to add the "Zoom All” Tool, or any other Tool, to your Quick Access Toolbar follow the steps below.
1. Place the Cursor on the Quick Access Toolbar and press the right mouse button.
2. Select “Customize Quick Access Toolbar” from the menu.
3. Scroll through the list of Commands to “Zoom, All”
4. Press the Left mouse button on “Zoom, All” and drag it to a location on the Quick Access Toolbar and drop it by releasing the left mouse button.
5. Select the OK button at the bottom of the Customize User Interface dialog box.
The Customize User Interface dialog box will disappear and the new Quick Access Toolbar is saved to the current workspace.
To Remove a Tool:
Place the cursor on the Tool to remove and press the right mouse button.
Select “Remove from Quick Access Toolbar.”
Ribbon
The Ribbon provides access to the AutoCAD tools.
The Tabs contain multiple Panels. Each Panel contains multiple tools.
When you select a Tab a new set of Panels will appear.
Additional Tools: If you select the symbol, at the bottom of the Panel, the Panel will expand to access Additional Tools.
Control the display of Tabs and Panels
Right click on the Ribbon and select which Tabs or Panels you choose to display. The check mark confirms the Tab or Panel is already displayed.
Control the Tab order
If you would like to change the order of the Tabs, click and drag the Tab horizontally to the new location.
Floating Panels
If you prefer to separate a Panel from the Ribbon, you may drag the Panel off the Ribbon to a new location on the screen.
Status Bar
The Status Bar is located on the bottom of the screen. It displays the current settings. These settings can be turned on or off by clicking on one of the buttons or by pressing a corresponding function key. For example, <F2>, <F3>, etc.
When an icon is turned on it will display blue in color.
Status Bar Icons
The Status Bar provides you with a set of commonly used drawing Tools like Grid Display, Snap, Object Snap and Isometric Drafting. You can choose to remove some or all of them, or you can choose to add more tools.
To add or remove Tools from the Status Bar.
1. Select and click on the Customization button.
2. Check or uncheck the Tools you want to remove or add from the menu.
3. Left click in the main drawing area to close the menu.
Note: The Tools on the Status Bar may change depending on whether you are in Model Space or Paper Space.
A brief description of each Tool will be shown on the next five pages. Each Tool will be discussed in more detail in future lessons.
Status Bar Tool Button Descriptions
I have enabled all the Tool buttons and broken them down into two sections starting from the left-hand side.
Coordinates
The coordinates display the location of the cursor in reference to the Origin. The Origin is currently in the lower left corner of the drawing area. These numbers will change as you move the cursor.
First set of numbers represents the horizontal movement of the cursor (X axis).
Second set of numbers represents the vertical movement of the cursor (Y axis).
Third set of numbers represents the Z axis, which is used for 3D and not discussed.
Model
The Model / Paper button allows you to work in either Model Space or Paper Space without leaving the Layout Tab. When you switch to a Layout Tab this button automatically switches to Paper.
Grid (You may also use <F7> to toggle on or off)
The criss-cross lines in the Drawing Area are called the Grid. It is only a drawing aid and will not print. The default spacing is 1 unit of measurement. You may change the Grid spacing at any time by typing DS then press <Enter>, then select the Snap and Grid Tab from the Drafting Settings dialog box.
Snap Mode (You may also use <F9> to toggle on or off)
Increment Snap controls the incremental movement of the cursor. If it is on, the cursor will "snap” in an incremental movement. If it is off, the cursor will move smoothly. You may set the increments by clicking on the down arrow and selecting Snap Settings.
You can also choose whether to use Grid Snap or Polar Snap on the same menu.
Infer Constraints (Note: Not used in this Workbook.)
Inferred Geometric Constraints automatically applies coincident constraints for Endpoint, Midpoint, Center, Node, and Insertion Object Snaps.
Dynamic Input (You may also use <F12> to toggle on or off)
When Dynamic Input is on, you can enter coordinate values in tooltips near the cursor. More on this in Lesson 11.
Ortho Mode (You may also use <F8> to toggle on or off)
Ortho restricts the movement of the cursor to Horizontal or Vertical. When Ortho is on the cursor moves only in the horizontally or vertically. When Ortho is off the cursor moves freely in any direction.
Polar Tracking (You may also use <F10> to toggle on or off)
Polar Tracking restricts cursor movement to specified increments along a polar angle. More on this in Lesson 11.
You may set the increments by clicking on the down arrow and selecting Tracking Settings, or you can select one of the predefined angles from the list.
Isometric Drafting
Isometric drawing allows you to simulate a 3D object by aligning along 3 axes, these are Top, Right and Left, called Isoplanes. When the button is enabled you can toggle the Isoplanes by pressing the <F5> key. Isometric Drafting is discussed in the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
You may also change Isoplanes by clicking the down arrow and selecting from the menu.
Object Snap Tracking (You may also use <F11> to toggle on or off)
Object Snap Tracking controls the display of Object Snap reference lines, AutoSnap marker, tooltip and magnet.
2D Object Snap (You may also use <F3> to toggle on or off)
When 2D Object Snap is on the cursor will "snap” to preset locations on 2D objects. More on this in Lesson 4.
You may also add or remove Object Snaps by clicking the down arrow and selecting from the menu.
Lineweight
Lineweight displays the width assigned to each object. When it is on the lineweights are visible. You can change the lineweight settings by right clicking on the button and selecting Lineweight Settings. More on this in Lesson 3.
Transparency
When Transparency Show/Hide is on all transparent layers will be displayed. If it is off, no layers will display as transparent. More on this in Lesson 3.
Selection Cycling
Selection Cycling allows you to select objects that are overlapping. This is most useful when creating 3 dimensional models as discussed in the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
3D Object Snap (You may also use <F4> to toggle on or off) When 3DOsnap is on the cursor will "snap” to preset locations on 3D objects. This option is discussed in the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
Dynamic UCS (You may also use <F6> to toggle on or off)
Dynamic User Coordinate System changes the grid plane to follow the XY plane of the dynamic UCS. Used for 3D; refer to the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook and the AutoCAD® 3D Modeling Exercise Workbook.
Selection Filtering
Selection filtering allows you to filter whether certain faces, edges, vertices or solid history subobjects are highlighted when you roll over them, very useful in complex 3D.
Gizmo
Gizmo tools help you move, rotate, or scale an object or set of objects along a 3D Plane, and discussed in the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
Annotation Visibility
When switched on the Annotation Visibility tool displays or hides the visibility of annotation objects at the current scale.
AutoScale
When switched on the AutoScale tool automatically updates annotative objects to support the annotation scale when the annotation scale is changed.
Annotation Scale
The Annotation Scale tool displays the current annotation scale. You can change the scale by clicking on the down arrow and selecting from the list of predefined scales or you may create a custom scale. You can also display the scale in percentages by selecting Percentages from the list.
Workspace Switching
Workspace Switching allows you to change the workspace environment, you can choose between Drafting & Annotation, 3D Basics and 3D Modeling. You can change the workspace by clicking on the down arrow and selecting from the list.
Annotation Monitor Ш
Provides feedback regarding the state of associative annotations when using parametric dimensioning, and discussed in the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
Units
The Units tool allows you to change the display style of the Drawing Units. You can choose between Decimal, Architectural, Engineering, Fractional and Scientific. You can change the drawing unit display by clicking on the down arrow and selecting from the list.
Quick Properties
If on, Quick Properties displays the properties of the object selected. If off, the Quick Properties box will not appear. More on this in Lesson 12.
Lock User Interface
The Lock User Interface tool allows you to lock or unlock Toolbars, Panels, Windows and Floating Toolbars, Panels and Windows. Click on the down-arrow to select from 4 options.
Isolate Objects
You can choose to isolate objects by keeping them visible on the screen, all other objects will be hidden. Or you can choose to hide objects. To isolate or hide objects, left click on the Isolate Objects tool button and select either Isolate Objects or Hide Objects from the list. To restore all hidden objects left click on the Isolate Objects tool button and select End Object isolation from the list.
Graphics Performance
The Graphics Performance tool examines your graphics card and 3D display driver and determines whether to use software acceleration or hardware acceleration. You can change the performance settings by right clicking on the tool button and selecting Graphics Performance, then change any settings required in the dialog box.
Clean Screen
(You may also use <Ctrl+0> to toggle on or off)
When Clean Screen is selected it will hide all Tool Palettes, Windows and Ribbons from the screen leaving you with a larger drawing area to work with. You can restore all the Palettes, Windows and Ribbons by selecting the Clean Screen tool button again.
Keyboard function keys and what they are used for.
F1 - Opens the Help Window.
F2 - Displays an Extended Command History list.
F3 - Turns the 2D Object Snaps on or off.
F4 - Turns the 3D Object Snaps on or off.
F5 - Toggles Isoplanes between Top, Right or Left.
F6 - Turns the Dynamic UCS on or off.
F7 - Turns the Grid on or off.
F8 - Turns Orthographic Mode on or off.
F9 - Turns Snap Mode on or off.
F10 - Turns Polar Tracking on or off.
F11 - Turns Object Snap Tracking on or off.
F12 - Turns Dynamic Input on or off.
Floating Command Line
When you first start AutoCAD, and if the software has not been modified, the Command Line will be displayed at the bottom of the screen, as shown below.
This is where AutoCAD will prompt you for information and you will enter commands, values and select options. Basically this is how you communicate with AutoCAD.
You may "dock” the Command Line at the top or bottom of the AutoCAD Window or let it float in the drawing area.
To move the Command Line, place the cursor on the left end grip, press the left mouse button and drag the Command Line to a desired location.
To "dock” the Command Line drag it to the top or bottom of the drawing area. It will snap to the edge. You can’t dock the Command Line to the sides.
You may also drag it below the drawing area as shown below.
| You may toggle the Command Line on and off using <Ctrl+9> on your keyboard. |
Command Line
How to enter a command on the Command Line.
1. Type the first letter of a command, such as c for circle.
2. A list of commands that begin with the letter c will appear. Select the desired command from the list.
3. When you enter a command such as Circle, the prompt and options will be displayed on the Command Line.
4. The prompt for Circle command asks you to:
“Specify center point for circle” or [ 3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius) ]:
Clickable options are displayed in blue.
Options displayed in Black must be typed or selected from the option menu.
This will be discussed more in Lesson 2.
Command and Prompt history
As you enter commands AutoCAD records them as "history”. You may display this history by pressing <F2> or the up arrow at the right-hand end of the Command Line.
Command Line Tools
Recent Commands Tool displays recently selected commands.
Customize Tool allows you to select options for the AutoComplete by selecting “Input Settings.” You can also control how many lines of history are displayed and the degree of transparency for the Command Line.
DYNAMIC INPUT
Dynamic Input is another method of inputting commands, values and selecting options.
To use Dynamic Input you must turn on the Dynamic Input button in the Status Bar, shown on page 1-14.
If you choose to use Dynamic Input, the command will be entered in the tooltip box beside the cursor.
How to enter a command using Dynamic Input.
1. Place the cursor in the Drawing Area.
2. Type the first letter of a command, such as c for circle.
3. A list of commands that begin with the letter c will appear. Select the command from the list.
4. If you press the down arrow, the options will appear below the prompt.
Notice the command entry is being displayed on the Command Line also.
Using the Command Line or Dynamic Input is your choice.
This will be discussed more in Lesson 2.
Drawing Area
The Drawing Area is the large open area of the screen. This is where you will draw. Consider this your paper.
The color of this area can be changed using Options / Display Tab / Color
Origin Icon
The Origin icon or UCS icon indicates the location of the Origin.
The Origin is where the coordinates X, Y and Z originate.
The X and Y coordinates for the Origin is 0,0.
This will be discussed more in future Lessons.
Cursor
The Cursor is located within the Drawing Area. The movement of the pointing device, such as a mouse, controls the movement of the cursor. You will use the cursor to locate points, make selections and draw objects. The size can be changed using Options / Display Tab / Crosshair Size.
InfoCenter
The InfoCenter is a tool to search for information. It is located in the upper right corner of the screen.
Search Box
The InfoCenter allows you to search for information by typing key words or a question in the “Help Box.” After typing press <Enter>
Search
Displays multiple search options.
Autodesk 360 Online Services
Sign in to Autodesk Online to access services that integrate with your desktop software.
Autodesk Exchange Apps
Displays the Autodesk Exchange Window.
Help Menu
Displays the Help Window.
ViewCube and Navigation Bar
The ViewCube and the Navigation Bar are used primarily in the 3D mode. They enable you to view and rotate the 3D Model.
We will not be using these tools in this Workbook. Refer to the Advanced AutoCAD® Exercise Workbook.
Since we are not using these Tools you may choose to turn their display off. Follow the easy instructions below to turn the display off or on.
How to turn off the ViewCube and Navigation Bar.
There are 2 methods:
Method 1.
1. Type navbardisplay <Enter>
2. Type 0 <Enter> [0 = off 1 = on]
3. Type navvcubedisplay
4. Type 1 <Enter>
Note : navvcubedisplay has 4 settings:
0 = Not displayed in 2d or 3D.
1 = Displayed in 3D only (Select this one for the Workbook).
2 = Displayed in 2D only.
3 = Displayed in both 2D and 3D.
Method 2.
1. Select the View Tab
2. Left click on the ViewCube and Navigation Bar buttons.
Note: The buttons will be Blue in color when switched on.
Basic ToolTip
When you hover your cursor over a Tool an initial ToolTip will appear telling you the name of the Tool with a brief description.
Extended ToolTip
If you hover just a little longer, a graphic display directly from the Help system, will appear.
How to turn off ToolTips
After you become familiar with AutoCAD you will want to turn these off. Or you may just want to delay the extended ToolTips.
1. Type options and then press <Enter>.
2. Select the Display Tab.
3. Uncheck boxes.
