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At this point it is useful to note that in the literature on evaluation we often come across references to projects, programmes and policies. Building on Eggers’ work, Palfrey et al. (2012) argue that it is necessary to distinguish between these three evaluation subjects because they might offer the evaluator different opportunities to contribute to decision making. They suggest that:

 a project is a planned activity aimed at achieving specified goals within a prescribed period

 a programme is a set of separate planned activities unified into a coherent group

 a policy is a statement of how an organisation or government would respond to particular eventualities or situations according to its agreed values of principles

In this book, while we accept that projects, programmes and policies present different evaluation opportunities and challenges, for the sake of brevity our default position will be to refer to ‘programme’ evaluation unless there is a need to distinguish one from another.