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ad n (informal) an advertisementAD (indicating years numbered from the supposed year of the birth of Christ) in the year of the Lordadage (ad-ij) n a traditional saying that is generally accepted as being trueadagio (ad-dahj-yo) (music) adv 1 slowly ▸ n, pl -gios 2 a movement or piece to be performed slowlyadamant adj unshakable in determination or purpose ◇ SYNONYMS: determined, firm, fixed, stubborn, uncompromising, resolute, unbending, obdurate > adamantly advAdam's apple n the projecting lump of thyroid cartilage at the front of a person's neckadapt vb 1 to adjust (something or oneself) to different conditions ◇ SYNONYMS: adjust, change, alter, modify, accommodate, conform, acclimatize 2 to change something to suit a new purpose ◇ SYNONYMS: convert, change, transform, alter, modify, tailor, remodel > adaptable adj > adaptability nadaptation n 1 something that is produced by adapting something else: a TV adaptation of a Victorian novel ◇ SYNONYMS: conversion, change, variation, adjustment, transformation, modification, alteration 2 the act of adapting ◇ SYNONYMS: acclimatization, naturalization, familiarizationadaptor or adapter n 1 a device used to connect several electrical appliances to a single socket 2 any device for connecting two parts of different sizes or typesadd vb 1 to combine (numbers or quantities) so as to make a larger number or quantity ◇ SYNONYMS: count up, total, reckon, compute, add up, tot up 2 to join something to something else so as to increase its size, effect, or scope: these new rules will add an extra burden on already overworked officials 3 to say or write something further 4 add in to includeaddendum n, pl -da something added on, esp. an appendix to a book or magazineadder n a small poisonous snake with a black zigzag pattern along the backaddict n 1 a person who is unable to stop taking narcotic drugs 2 (informal) a person who is devoted to something: he's a telly addict ◇ SYNONYMS: fan, lover, nut (slang), follower, enthusiast, admirer, buff (informal), junkie (informal) > addictive adjaddicted adj 1 dependent on a narcotic drug ◇ SYNONYMS: hooked (informal), dependent 2 (informal) devoted to something: I'm a news freak and addicted to radio news > addiction naddition n 1 the act of adding ◇ SYNONYMS: inclusion, adding, increasing, extension, attachment, insertion, incorporation, augmentation 2 a person or thing that is added ◇ SYNONYMS: extra, supplement, increase, gain, bonus, extension, accessory, additive 3 a mathematical operation in which the total of two or more numbers or quantities is calculated ◇ SYNONYMS: counting up, totalling, adding up, computation, totting up 4 in addition (to) besides; as well (as) ◇ SYNONYMS in addition to: as well as, along with, on top of, besides, to boot, additionally, over and above, to say nothing of > additional adj > additionally advadditive n any substance added to something, such as food, to improve it or prevent deteriorationaddled adj 1 confused or unable to think clearly 2 (of eggs) rottenaddress n 1 the place at which someone lives 2 the conventional form by which the location of a building is described ◇ SYNONYMS: location, home, place, house, point, position, situation, site 3 a formal speech ◇ SYNONYMS: speech, talk, lecture, discourse, sermon, dissertation, homily, oration 4 (computers) A a number giving the location of a piece of stored information B a series of characters that represents a location on the internet ▸ vb 5 to mark (a letter or parcel) with an address 6 to speak to ◇ SYNONYMS: speak to, talk to, greet, hail, approach, converse with, korero (NZ) 7 to direct one's attention to (a problem or an issue) 8 address oneself to A to speak or write to B to apply oneself to: we have got to address ourselves properly to this problemaddressee n a person to whom a letter or parcel is addressedadduce vb -ducing, -duced to mention something as evidenceadenoidal adj having a nasal voice or impaired breathing because of enlarged adenoidsadenoids (ad-in-oidz) pl n a mass of tissue at the back of the throatadept adj 1 proficient in something requiring skill ◇ SYNONYMS: skilful, able, skilled, expert, practised, accomplished, versed, proficient ▸ n 2 a person skilled in something ◇ SYNONYMS: expert, master, genius, hotshot (informal), dab hand (Brit informal) > adeptness nadequate adj just enough in amount or just good enough in quality ◇ SYNONYMS: passable, acceptable, average, fair, satisfactory, competent, mediocre, so-so (informal) > adequacy n > adequately advadhere vb -hering, -hered 1 to stick to 2 to act according to (a rule or agreement) 3 to be a loyal supporter of (something)adherent n 1 a supporter or follower ▸ adj 2 sticking or attached > adherence nadhesion n 1 the quality or condition of sticking together 2 (pathol) the joining together of two structures or parts of the body that are normally separate, for example after surgeryadhesive n 1 a substance used for sticking things together ▸ adj 2 able or designed to stick to thingsad hoc adj, adv for a particular purpose onlyadieu (a-dew) interj, n, pl adieux or adieus (a-dewz) goodbyead infinitum adv endlessly: we would not be able to sustain the currency ad infinitumadipose adj of or containing fat; fatty: adipose tissueadj. adjectiveadjacent adj 1 near or next: the schools were adjacent but there were separate doors ◇ SYNONYMS: adjoining, neighbouring, nearby 2 (geom) (of a side of a right-angled triangle) lying between a specified angle and the right angleadjective n a word that adds information about a noun or pronoun > adjectival adjadjoin vb to be next to and joined onto ◇ SYNONYMS: connect with or to, join, link with, touch on, border on > adjoining adjadjourn vb 1 to close a court at the end of a session 2 to postpone or be postponed temporarily ◇ SYNONYMS: postpone, delay, suspend, interrupt, put off, defer, discontinue 3 (informal) to go elsewhere: can we adjourn to the dining room? > adjournment nadjudge vb -judging, -judged to declare someone to be something specified: my wife was adjudged to be the guilty partyadjudicate vb -cating, -cated 1 to give a formal decision on a dispute 2 to serve as a judge, for example in a competition > adjudication n > adjudicator nadjunct n 1 something added that is not essential 2 a person who is subordinate to anotheradjure vb -juring, -jured 1 to command someone to do something 2 to appeal earnestly to someone > adjuration nadjust vb 1 to adapt to a new environment ◇ SYNONYMS: adapt, change, alter, accustom, conform 2 to alter slightly, so as to be accurate or suitable ◇ SYNONYMS: modify, alter, adapt 3 (insurance) to determine the amount payable in settlement of a claim > adjustable adj > adjuster nadjustment n 1 a slight alteration ◇ SYNONYMS: alteration, change, tuning, repair, conversion, modifying, adaptation, modification 2 the act of adjusting ◇ SYNONYMS: acclimatization, orientation, change, regulation, amendment, adaptation, revision, modificationadjutant (aj-oo-tant) n an officer in an army who acts as administrative assistant to a superiorad-lib vb -libbing, -libbed 1 to improvise a speech or piece of music without preparation ▸ adj 2 improvised: ad-lib studio chat ▸ n 3 an improvised remark ▸ adv ad lib 4 spontaneously or freelyAdm. Admiraladmin n (informal) administrationadminister vb 1 to manage (an organization or estate) ◇ SYNONYMS: manage, run, control, direct, handle, conduct, command, govern 2 to organize and put into practice: anyone can learn to administer the test procedure ◇ SYNONYMS: execute, give, provide, apply, perform, carry out, impose, implement 3 to give medicine to someone 4 to supervise the taking of (an oath)administrate vb -trating, -trated to manage an organizationadministration n 1 management of the affairs of an organization ◇ SYNONYMS: management, government, running, control, handling, direction, conduct, application 2 the people who administer an organization ◇ SYNONYMS: directors, board, executive(s), employers 3 a government: the first non-communist administration in the country's history ◇ SYNONYMS: government, leadership, regime 4 the act of administering something, such as medicine or an oath > administrative adjadministrator n a person who administers an organization or estate ◇ SYNONYMS: manager, head, official, director, executive, boss (informal), governor, supervisoradmirable (ad-mer-a-bl) adj deserving or inspiring admiration: the boldness of the undertaking is admirable ◇ SYNONYMS: praiseworthy, good, great (informal), fine, wonderful, excellent, brilliant, outstanding, booshit (Austral slang), exo (Austral slang), sik (Austral slang), ka pai (NZ), rad (informal), phat (slang), schmick (Austral informal) > admirably advadmiral n 1 Also called: admiral of the fleet a naval officer of the highest rank 2 any of various brightly coloured butterfliesAdmiralty n (Brit) the former government department in charge of the Royal Navyadmire vb -miring, -mired to respect and approve of (a person or thing) ◇ SYNONYMS: respect, value, prize, honour, praise, appreciate, esteem, approve of > admiration n > admirer n > admiring adj > admiringly advadmissible adj (law) allowed to be brought as evidence in courtadmission n 1 permission or the right to enter ◇ SYNONYMS: admittance, access, entry, introduction, entrance, acceptance, initiation, entrée 2 permission to join an organization ◇ SYNONYMS: admittance, access, entry, introduction, entrance, acceptance, initiation, entrée 3 the price charged for entrance 4 a confession: she was, by her own admission, not educated ◇ SYNONYMS: confession, declaration, revelation, allowance, disclosure, acknowledgement, unburdening, divulgenceadmit vb -mitting, -mitted 1 to confess or acknowledge (a crime or mistake) ◇ SYNONYMS: confess, confide, own up, come clean (informal) 2 to concede (the truth of something) ◇ SYNONYMS: allow, agree, accept, reveal, grant, declare, acknowledge, recognize 3 to allow (someone) to enter ◇ SYNONYMS: let in, allow, receive, accept, introduce, take in, initiate, give access to 4 to take (someone) in to a hospital for treatment: he was admitted for tests 5 admit to to allow someone to participate in something 6 admit of to allow for: these rules admit of no violationadmittance n 1 the right to enter 2 the act of entering a placeadmittedly adv it must be agreed: my research is admittedly incompleteadmixture n 1 a mixture 2 an ingredientadmonish vb to reprimand sternly > admonition n > admonitory adjad nauseam (ad naw-zee-am) adv to a boring or sickening extent: she went on and on ad nauseam about her divorceado n fuss: without further adoadobe (ad-oh-bee) n 1 a sun-dried brick 2 the claylike material from which such bricks are made 3 a building made of such bricksadolescence n the period between puberty and adulthood ◇ SYNONYMS: teens, youth, minority, boyhood, girlhoodadolescent adj 1 of or relating to adolescence ◇ SYNONYMS: young, junior, teenage, juvenile, youthful, childish, immature, boyish 2 (informal) (of behaviour) immature ◇ SYNONYMS: immature, young, teen (informal) ▸ n 3 an adolescent person ◇ SYNONYMS: teenager, girl, boy, kid (informal), youth, lad, minor, young man, young womanadopt vb 1 (law) to take someone else's child as one's own ◇ SYNONYMS: take in, raise, nurse, parent, rear, foster, bring up, take care of 2 to choose (a plan or method) 3 to choose (a country or name) to be one's own > adoptee n > adopter n > adoption nadoptive adj 1 acquired or related by adoption: an adoptive father 2 of or relating to adoptionadorable adj very attractive; lovableadore vb adoring, adored 1 to love intensely or deeply ◇ SYNONYMS: love, honour, admire, worship, esteem, cherish, revere, dote on 2 (informal) to like very much: I adore being in the country 3 to worship a god with religious rites > adoration n > adoring adj > adoringly advadorn vb to decorate; increase the beauty of ◇ SYNONYMS: decorate, array, embellish, festoon > adornment nadrenal (ad-reen-al) adj (anatomy) 1 on or near the kidneys 2 of or relating to the adrenal glandsadrenal glands pl n (anatomy) two endocrine glands covering the upper surface of the kidneysadrenalin or adrenaline n (biochem) a hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress. It increases heart rate, pulse rate, and blood pressureadrift adj, adv 1 drifting ◇ SYNONYMS: drifting, afloat, unmoored, unanchored 2 without a clear purpose ◇ SYNONYMS: aimless, goalless, directionless, purposeless 3 (informal) off course, wrong: it was obvious that something had gone adrift ◇ SYNONYMS: wrong, astray, off course, amiss, off target, wide of the markadroit adj quick and skilful in how one behaves or thinks > adroitly adv > adroitness nadsorb vb (of a gas or vapour) to condense and form a thin film on a surface > adsorbent adj > adsorption nadulation n uncritical admirationadult n 1 a mature fully grown person, animal, or plant ◇ SYNONYMS: grown-up, mature person, person of mature age, grown or grown-up person, man or woman ▸ adj 2 having reached maturity; fully developed ◇ SYNONYMS: fully grown, mature, grown-up, of age, ripe, fully fledged, fully developed, full grown 3 suitable for or typical of adult people: she had very adult features 4 sexually explicit: adult films > adulthood nadulterate vb -ating, -ated to spoil something by adding inferior material > adulteration nadulterer or (fem) adulteress n a person who has committed adulteryadultery n, pl -teries sexual unfaithfulness of a husband or wife > adulterous adjadv. adverbadvance vb -vancing, -vanced 1 to go or bring forward ◇ SYNONYMS: progress, proceed, come forward, make inroads, make headway 2 to make progress: this student has advanced in reading and writing ◇ SYNONYMS: progress, proceed, come forward, make inroads, make headway 3 to further a cause: an association founded to advance the interests of ex-soldiers 4 advance on to move towards someone in a threatening manner 5 to present an idea for consideration ◇ SYNONYMS: suggest, offer, present, propose, advocate, submit, prescribe, put forward 6 to lend a sum of money ◇ SYNONYMS: lend, loan, supply on credit ▸ n 7 a forward movement 8 improvement or progress: the greatest advance in modern medicine ◇ SYNONYMS: improvement, development, gain, growth, breakthrough, step, headway, inroads 9 a loan of money 10 a payment made before it is legally due ◇ SYNONYMS: down payment, credit, fee, deposit, retainer, prepayment, loan 11 an increase in price: any advance on fifty pounds? 12 in advance beforehand: you have to pay in advance ◇ SYNONYMS in advance: beforehand, earlier, ahead, previously 13 in advance of ahead of in time or development ▸ adj 14 done or happening before an event: advance warning ◇ SYNONYMS: prior, early, beforehandadvanced adj 1 at a late stage in development ◇ SYNONYMS: sophisticated, foremost, modern, revolutionary, up-to-date, higher, leading, recent 2 not elementary: he was taking the advanced class in economicsadvancement n promotion in rank or status ◇ SYNONYMS: promotion, rise, gain, progress, improvement, betterment, prefermentadvantage n 1 a more favourable position or state ◇ SYNONYMS: lead, sway, dominance, precedence 2 benefit or profit: they could make this work to their advantage ◇ SYNONYMS: benefit, help, profit, favour 3 (tennis) the point scored after deuce 4 take advantage of A to use a person unfairly B to use an opportunity 5 to advantage to good effect: her hair was shaped to display her features to advantageadvantageous adj likely to bring benefits > advantageously advAdvent n (Christianity) the season that includes the four Sundays before ChristmasAdventist n a member of a Christian group that believes in the imminent return of Christadventitious adj added or appearing accidentallyadventure n 1 a risky undertaking, the ending of which is uncertain: our African adventure ◇ SYNONYMS: venture, experience, incident, enterprise, undertaking, exploit, occurrence, caper 2 exciting or unexpected eventsadventurer or (fem) adventuress n 1 a person who seeks money or power by unscrupulous means 2 a person who seeks adventureadventurous adj daring or enterprising ◇ SYNONYMS: daring, enterprising, bold, reckless, intrepid, daredeviladverb n a word that modifies a sentence, verb, adverb, or adjective, for example easily, very, and happily in They could easily envy the very happily married couple > adverbial adjadversary (ad-verse-er-ree) n, pl -saries an opponent in a fight, disagreement, or sporting contest ◇ SYNONYMS: opponent, rival, enemy, competitor, foe (formal, literary), contestant, antagonistadverse adj 1 unfavourable to one's interests: adverse effects ◇ SYNONYMS: harmful, damaging, negative, destructive, detrimental, hurtful, injurious, inopportune 2 antagonistic or hostile ◇ SYNONYMS: negative, opposing, hostile, contrary, dissenting, unsympathetic, ill-disposed > adversely advadversity n, pl -ties very difficult or hard circumstancesadvert n (informal) an advertisement ◇ SYNONYMS: advertisement, notice, commercial, ad (informal), announcement, poster, plug (informal), blurb, banner adadvertise vb -tising, -tised 1 to present or praise (goods or a service) to the public, in order to encourage sales ◇ SYNONYMS: publicize, promote, plug (informal), announce, inform, hype, notify, tout 2 to make (a vacancy, an event, or an article for sale) publicly known > advertiser n > advertising nadvertisement n any public announcement designed to sell goods or publicize an event ◇ SYNONYMS: advert (Brit), notice, commercial, ad (informal), announcement, poster, plug (informal), blurbadvice n 1 recommendation as to an appropriate choice of action ◇ SYNONYMS: guidance, help, opinion, direction, suggestion, instruction, counsel, counselling 2 formal notification of factsadvisable adj sensible and likely to achieve the desired result > advisability nadvise vb -vising, -vised 1 to offer advice to ◇ SYNONYMS: recommend, suggest, urge, counsel, advocate, caution, prescribe, commend 2 to inform or notify ◇ SYNONYMS: notify, tell, report, announce, warn, declare, inform, acquaint > adviser or advisor nadvised adj thought-out: ill-advisedadvisedly (ad-vize-id-lee) adv deliberately; after careful consideration: I use the word advisedlyadvisory adj 1 able to offer advice ◇ SYNONYMS: advising, helping, recommending, counselling, consultative ▸ n, pl -ries 2 a statement giving advice or a warning 3 a person or organization that gives advice: the Prime Minister's media advisoryadvocaat n a liqueur with a raw egg baseadvocacy n active support of a cause or course of actionadvocate vb -cating, -cated 1 to recommend a course of action publicly ◇ SYNONYMS: recommend, support, champion, encourage, propose, promote, advise, endorse ▸ n 2 a person who upholds or defends a cause or course of action ◇ SYNONYMS: supporter, spokesman or woman or person, champion, defender, campaigner, promoter, counsellor, proponent 3 a person who speaks on behalf of another in a court of law ◇ SYNONYMS: lawyer, attorney, solicitor, counsel, barrister 4 (Scots law) a barristeradze or (US) adz n a tool with a blade at right angles to the handle, used for shaping timberaegis (ee-jiss) n under the aegis of with the sponsorship or protection ofaeolian harp (ee-oh-lee-an) n a musical instrument that produces sounds when the wind passes over its stringsaeon or (US) eon (ee-on) n 1 an immeasurably long period of time 2 the longest division of geological timeaerate vb -ating, -ated to put gas into a liquid, for example when making a fizzy drink > aeration naerial n 1 the metal pole or wire on a television or radio which transmits or receives signals ▸ adj 2 in, from, or operating in the air 3 extending high into the air 4 of or relating to aircraftaerial top dressing n spreading of fertilizer from an aeroplane onto remote areasaerobatics n spectacular manoeuvres, such as loops or rolls, performed by aircraftaerobic adj designed for or relating to aerobics: aerobic exerciseaerobics n exercises to increase the amount of oxygen in the blood and strengthen the heart and lungsaerodrome n a small airportaerodynamics n the study of how air flows around moving objects > aerodynamic adj > aerodynamicist naerofoil n a part of an aircraft, such as the wing, designed to give lift in flightaerogram n an airmail letter on a single sheet of light paper that seals to form an envelopeaeronautics n the study or practice of flight through the air > aeronautical adjaeroplane or (US & Canad) airplane n a heavier-than-air powered flying vehicle with fixed wingsaerosol n a small metal pressurized can from which a substance can be dispensed in a fine sprayaerospace n 1 the earth's atmosphere and space beyond ▸ adj 2 of rockets or space vehicles: the aerospace industryaesthete or (US) esthete (eess-theet) n a person who has or who pretends to have a highly developed appreciation of beautyaesthetic or (US) esthetic (iss-thet-ik) adj 1 relating to the appreciation of art and beauty ▸ n 2 a principle or set of principles relating to the appreciation of art and beauty > aesthetically or (US) esthetically adv > aestheticism or (US) estheticism naesthetics or (US) esthetics n 1 the branch of philosophy concerned with the study of the concepts of beauty and taste 2 the study of the rules and principles of artaether n same as etheraetiology (ee-tee-ol-a-jee) n same as etiologyafar n from afar from or at a great distanceaffable adj showing warmth and friendliness > affability n > affably advaffair n 1 an event or happening: the Watergate affair ◇ SYNONYMS: matter, business, happening, event, activity, incident, episode, topic 2 a sexual relationship outside marriage ◇ SYNONYMS: relationship, romance, intrigue, fling, liaison, flirtation, amour, dalliance 3 a thing to be done or attended to: your choice of career is your own affair 4 something previously specified: lunch was a subdued affairaffect1 vb 1 to influence (someone or something): the very difficult conditions continued to affect our performance ◇ SYNONYMS: influence, concern, alter, change, manipulate, act on, bear upon, impinge upon 2 (of pain or disease) to attack: the virus can spread to affect the heart muscle 3 to move someone emotionally: the experience has affected him deeply ◇ SYNONYMS: emotionally move, touch, upset, overcome, stir, disturb, perturbaffect2 vb 1 to put on a show of: she affects a certain disinterest ◇ SYNONYMS: put on, assume, adopt, pretend, imitate, simulate, contrive, aspire to 2 to wear or use by preference: he likes to be called Captain John and affects a nautical capaffectation n an attitude or manner put on to impress othersaffected adj 1 behaving or speaking in a manner put on to impress others ◇ SYNONYMS: pretended, artificial, contrived, put-on, mannered, unnatural, feigned, insincere 2 pretended: an affected indifference ◇ SYNONYMS: pretended, artificial, contrived, put-on, mannered, unnatural, feigned, insincereaffection n 1 fondness or tenderness for a person or thing ◇ SYNONYMS: fondness, liking, feeling, love, care, warmth, attachment, goodwill, aroha (NZ) 2 affections feelings of love; emotions: I was angry with her for playing with their affectionsaffectionate adj having or displaying tenderness, affection, or warmth ◇ SYNONYMS: fond, loving, kind, caring, friendly, attached, devoted, tender > affectionately advaffianced (af-fie-anst) adj (old-fashioned) engaged to be marriedaffidavit (af-fid-dave-it) n (law) a written statement made under oathaffiliate vb -ating, -ated 1 (of a group) to link up with a larger group ◇ SYNONYMS: associate, unite, join, link, ally, combine, incorporate, amalgamate ▸ n 2 a person or organization that is affiliated with another > affiliation naffinity n, pl -ties 1 a feeling of closeness to and understanding of a person ◇ SYNONYMS: attraction, liking, leaning, sympathy, inclination, rapport, fondness, partiality, aroha (NZ) 2 a close similarity in appearance, structure, or quality ◇ SYNONYMS: similarity, relationship, connection, correspondence, analogy, resemblance, closeness, likeness 3 a chemical attractionaffirm vb 1 to declare to be true ◇ SYNONYMS: declare, state, maintain, swear, assert, testify, pronounce, certify 2 to state clearly one's support for (an idea or belief) ◇ SYNONYMS: confirm, prove, endorse, ratify, verify, validate, bear out, substantiate > affirmation naffirmative adj 1 indicating agreement: an affirmative answer ◇ SYNONYMS: agreeing, confirming, positive, approving, consenting, favourable, concurring, assenting ▸ n 2 a word or phrase indicating agreement, such as yesaffix vb 1 to attach or fasten ▸ n 2 a word or syllable added to a word to produce a derived or inflected form, such as -ment in establishmentafflict vb to cause someone suffering or unhappiness ◇ SYNONYMS: torment, trouble, pain, hurt, distress, plague, grieve, harassaffliction n 1 something that causes physical or mental suffering 2 a condition of great distress or sufferingaffluent adj having plenty of money ◇ SYNONYMS: wealthy, rich, prosperous, loaded (slang), well-off, opulent, well-heeled (informal), well-to-do, minted (Brit slang) > affluence nafford vb 1 can afford to be able to do or spare something without risking financial difficulties or undesirable consequences: she can't afford to be choosy 2 to give or supply: afford me an opportunity to judge for myself ◇ SYNONYMS: give, offer, provide, produce, supply, yield, render > affordable adj > affordability nafforest vb to plant trees on > afforestation naffray n (Brit & Austral & NZ) a noisy fight in a public placeaffront n 1 a deliberate insult ▸ vb 2 to hurt someone's pride or dignityAfghan adj 1 of Afghanistan ▸ n 2 a person from Afghanistan 3 the language of AfghanistanAfghan hound n a large slim dog with long silky hairaficionado (af-fish-yo-nah-do) n, pl -dos an enthusiastic fan of a sport or interestafield adv far afield far away: they used to travel as far afield as Hungaryaflame adv, adj 1 in flames 2 deeply aroused: his face was aflame with self-contempt and embarrassmentafloat adj 1 floating 2 free of debt: his goal is to keep the company afloat 3 aboard ship ▸ adv 4 floating 5 free of debt 6 aboard ship; at seaafoot adj, adv happening; in operation: I had no suspicion of what was afootaforementioned adj mentioned beforeaforesaid adj referred to previouslyaforethought adj premeditated: malice aforethoughtafraid adj 1 feeling fear or apprehension ◇ SYNONYMS: scared, frightened, nervous, terrified, shaken, startled, fearful, cowardly 2 regretful: I'm afraid I lost my temper ◇ SYNONYMS: sorry, apologetic, regretful, sad, distressed, unhappyafresh adv once moreAfrican adj 1 of Africa ▸ n 2 a person from AfricaAfrican violet n a flowering house plant with pink or purple flowers and hairy leavesAfrikaans n one of the official languages of South Africa, descended from DutchAfrikaner n a White South African whose native language is AfrikaansAfro- combining form indicating Africa or African: Afro-Caribbeanaft adv, adj at or towards the rear of a ship or aircraftafter prep 1 following in time or place ◇ SYNONYMS: at the end of, following, subsequent to 2 in pursuit of: he was after my mother's jewellery 3 concerning: she asked after Laura 4 considering: you seem all right after what happened last night 5 next in excellence or importance to 6 in imitation of; in the manner of 7 in accordance with: a man after his own heart 8 with the same name as: the street is named after the designer of the church 9 (US) past (the hour of): fifteen after twelve 10 after all A in spite of everything: I was, after all, a suspect B in spite of expectations or efforts 11 after you please go before me ▸ adv 12 at a later time; afterwards ◇ SYNONYMS: following, later, next, succeeding, afterwards, subsequently, thereafter ▸ conj 13 at a time later than the time when: she arrived after the reading had begun ▸ adj 14 (naut) further aft: the after cabinafterbirth n the placenta and fetal membranes expelled from the mother's womb after childbirthaftercare n 1 the help and support given to a person discharged from a hospital or prison 2 the regular care required to keep something in good conditionaftereffect n any result occurring some time after its causeafterglow n 1 the glow left after the source of a light has disappeared, for example after sunset 2 a pleasant feeling remaining after an enjoyable experienceafterlife n life after deathaftermath n effects or results of an event considered collectively: the aftermath of the weekend violence ◇ SYNONYMS: effects, results, wake, consequences, outcome, sequel, end result, upshotafternoon n the period between noon and eveningafters n (informal) the sweet course of a mealaftershave n a scented lotion applied to a man's face after shavingafterthought n 1 something thought of after the opportunity to use it has passed 2 an addition to something already completedafterwards or afterward adv later