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PART 3

Personal Names, Place Names, People and Their Places of Origin, and Names of Streets and Roads

New Characters and Words

Study the six characters below and the common words written with them, paying careful attention to each character’s pronunciation, meaning, and structure, as well as similar-looking characters. After you’ve studied a character, turn to the Practice Book volume and practice writing it on the practice sheet, making sure to follow the correct stroke order and direction as you pronounce it out loud and think of its meaning.

37	安	ān	peace
Radical is 宀 mián “roof” [BF]. This radical is referred to colloquially as 宝盖头 (寶蓋頭) băogàitóu “top made up of a canopy.” The other component is 女 nǚ “woman” [BF], which in ancient times had a secondary pronunciation similar to ān, so here it serves as a phonetic. The traditional—and very sexist—explanation is that if the “woman” of the house stayed under the “roof” (i.e., stayed at home rather than going out), there would be “peace.” 安 is itself a common phonetic, e.g., in 鞍 ān as in 马鞍 (馬鞍) mă’ān “saddle,” 按 àn “according to,” and 案 àn as in 案子 ànzi “legal case.”
	安	Ān	An (also An or Ahn, a common Korean surname) [SN]
	西安	Xī’ān	Xian (capital of Shaanxi Province) [PW]
38	川	chuān	river
川 is itself a radical. 川 is a pictograph showing three separate streams converging to form a “river,” which is even more apparent in an alternate form of this character: 巛. The character 川 can also serve as a phonetic in other characters, e.g., in 巡 xún as in 巡逻 (巡邏) xúnluó “patrol,” 训 (訓) xùn as in 教训 (教訓) jiàoxùn “a lesson learned,” and 顺 (順) shùn “smooth.” Contrast 川 with 三 sān (3) and 州 zhōu (28).
	四川	Sìchuān	Sichuan (province) [PW]
39	香	xiāng	fragrant
This character is itself a radical. Contrast 香 and 东 (東) dōng (29).
	香山	Xiāng Shān	Fragrant Hills (suburb to the northwest of Beijing) [PW]
40	港	găng	harbor
Radical is 水 shuĭ “water.” Notice that this radical is written 氵 and is referred to colloquially as 三点水 (三點水) sāndiăn shuĭ “three drops of water” when it occurs at the left-hand side of a character. Phonetic is 巷 xiàng as in 巷子 xiàngzi “lane.”
	香港	Xiānggăng	Hong Kong [PW]
41	南	nán	south
Radical is 十 shí (11). This character is itself a phonetic and occurs as a phonetic in a few other characters, e.g., 腩 nán as in 牛腩 niúnán “sirloin beef.”
	南	Nán	Nan (also Nam, a common Korean surname) [SN]
	南京	Nánjīng	Nanjing (capital of Jiangsu Province; formerly spelled Nanking) [PW]
	台南	Táinán	Tainan (city in southern Taiwan) [PW]
	海南	Hăinán	Hainan (province) [PW]
	中山南路	Zhōngshān Nán Lù	Zhongshan South Road
42	街	jiē	street
Radical is 行 xíng “go” [BF]. Inserted into the middle of 行 are two 土 tŭ “earth.” One “goes” on the “street,” which is made of much “earth.” Note that 街 is often added to place words or personal names to create street names.
	街	jiē	street [N]
	大街	dàjiē	main street, avenue [PW]
	西安街	Xī’ān Jiē	Xian Street
	香港街	Xiānggăng Jiē	Hong Kong Street
	天津大街	Tiānjīn Dàjiē	Tianjin Avenue

Reading Exercises (Simplified Characters)

Now practice reading the new characters and words for this lesson in context. Be sure to refer to the Notes at the end of this lesson, and make use of the accompanying audio disc to hear and practice correct pronunciation, phrasing, and intonation.

A. PERSONAL NAMES

Read out loud each of the following personal names.

一、安小明

二、李南

三、何安天

四、林小川

五、南山

六、王海香

B. PLACE NAMES

Read out loud each of the following place names.

一、成都

二、台南

三、广东

四、西安

五、天津

六、香山

七、山东

八、南京

九、香港

C. PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACES OF ORIGIN

Read out loud each of the following expressions, thinking of the meaning as you say it.

一、南京人

二、台东人

三、广西人

四、山西人

五、四川人

六、香港人

七、成都人

八、台南人

九、台北人

D. NAMES OF STREETS AND ROADS

Read out loud the names of each of these Chinese streets or roads.

一、四川街

二、中山南路

三、广州街

四、山西东街

五、南京东路

六、天津大街

七、香港街

八、上海街

九、山东西街

E. CHARACTER DIFFERENTIATION DRILLS

Distinguish carefully the following similar-looking characters, pronouncing each one out loud and thinking of its meaning.

一、川川川三三三

二、三三三川川川

三、川川川州州州

四、州州州川川川

五、三川州州川三

Reading Exercises (Traditional Characters)