Читать книгу Basic Mandarin Chinese - Reading & Writing Textbook - Cornelius C. Kubler - Страница 19
ОглавлениеPART 4
More Personal and Place Names, People and Their Places of Origin, and Names of Streets and Roads
New Characters and Words
Study the six characters below and the common words written with them, paying careful attention to each character’s pronunciation, meaning, and structure, as well as similar-looking characters. After you’ve studied a character, turn to the Practice Book volume and practice writing it on the practice sheet, making sure to follow the correct stroke order and direction as you pronounce it out loud and think of its meaning.
| 43 | 河 | hé | river |
| Radical is 水 shuĭ “water.” Notice that this radical is written 氵 and is referred to colloquially as 三点水 (三點水) sāndiăn shuĭ “three drops of water” when it occurs at the left-hand side of a character. Phonetic is 可 kĕ “may” [BF]. Contrast 河 with 何 Hé (19). | |||
| 河南 | Hé’nán | Henan (province) [PW] (lit. “south of the [Yellow] River”) | |
| 河北 | Hébĕi | Hebei (province) [PW] (lit. “north of the [Yellow] River”) | |
| 44 | 湖 | hú | lake [N] |
| Radical is 水 shuĭ “water.” Again, this radical is written 氵 and is referred to colloquially as 三点水 (三點水) sāndiăn shuĭ “three drops of water” when it occurs at the left-hand side of a character. Phonetic is 胡 Hú [SN]. | |||
| 湖南 | Hú’nán | Hunan (province) [PW] (lit. “south of the [Dòngtíng] Lake”) | |
| 湖北 | Húbĕi | Hubei (province) [PW] (lit. “north of the [Dòngtíng] Lake”) | |
| 五大湖 | Wŭ Dà Hú | Great Lakes (lit. “five great lakes”) [PW] | |
| 45 | 湾(灣) | wān | bay |
| Radical is 水 shuĭ “water.” Notice that this radical is written 氵 and is referred to colloquially as 三点水 (三點水) sāndiăn shuĭ “three drops of water” when it occurs at the left-hand side of a character. Phonetic is 弯 (彎) wān “bend.” Land “bends” around “water,” creating a “bay.” | |||
| 台湾 (台灣) | Táiwān | Taiwan [PW] | |
| 46 | 金 | jīn | gold, metal |
| 金 is itself a common radical. Incidentally, 金 is the character that represents the syllable “kum” in the word “kumquat” (this word was borrowed into English from Cantonese, in which language jīn is pronounced “kum” or, more accurately, gām). | |||
| 金 | Jīn | Jin, Chin (also Kim, the most common Korean surname) [SN] | |
| 金山 | Jīnshān | large district in Shanghai; town in northern Taiwan famous for its hot springs [PW] | |
| 47 | 市 | shì | market, city |
| Radical is 巾 jīn “cloth” [BF]. 市 serves as a phonetic in 柿 shì as in 柿子 shìzi “persimmon.” | |||
| 市 | shì | city, municipality [BF] | |
| 北京市 | Bĕijīng Shì | Beijing City [PH] | |
| 广州市 ( 廣州市 ) | Guăngzhōu Shì | Guangzhou City [PH] | |
| 台北市 | Táibĕi Shì | Taipei City [PH] | |
| 48 | 省 | shĕng | province |
| Radical is 目 mù “eye” [BF], which is a pictograph representing two eyes set upright. The other component is 少 shăo “few.” 省 is often added to the names of the various Chinese provinces. Contrast 省 with 香 xiāng (39). | |||
| 省 | shĕng | province [N] | |
| 河南省 | Hé’nán Shĕng | Henan Province [PH] ) | |
| 河北省 | Hébĕi Shĕng | Hebei Province [PH] | |
| 湖南省 | Hú’nán Shĕng | Hunan Province [PH] | |
| 湖北省 | Húbĕi Shĕng | Hubei Province [PH] | |
| 山西省 | Shānxī Shĕng | Shanxi Province [PH] | |
| 四川省 | Sìchuān Shĕng | Sichuan Province [PH] |
Reading Exercises (Simplified Characters)
Now practice reading the new characters and words for this lesson in context. Be sure to refer to the Notes at the end of this lesson, and make use of the accompanying audio disc to hear and practice correct pronunciation, phrasing, and intonation.
A. PERSONAL NAMES
Read out loud each of the following personal names.
一、王金海
二、金广
三、林安河
四、李南川
五、李天湖
B. PLACE NAMES
Read out loud each of the following place names.
一、台湾省台东市
二、上海市
三、广西省
四、北京市
五、广东省广州市
六、四川省成都市
七、河北省
八、河南省
九、湖北省
十、湖南省
C. PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACES OF ORIGIN
Read out loud each of the following expressions, thinking of the meaning as you say it.
一、河北人
二、河南省人
三、台湾省台北市人
四、山西人
五、四川人
六、香港人
七、成都市人
八、北京市人
九、天津市人
十、西安市人
D. NAMES OF STREETS AND ROADS
Read out loud the names of each of these streets or roads in mainland China and Taiwan.
一、天津街
二、台南路
三、广州街
四、湖北街
五、河北路
六、四川大街
七、香港街
八、河南街
九、台湾东路
十、湖南东街
Reading Exercises (Traditional Characters)
A. PERSONAL NAMES
Read out loud each of the following personal names.
B. PLACE NAMES
Read out loud each of the following place names.
C. PEOPLE AND THEIR PLACES OF ORIGIN
Read out loud each of the following expressions, thinking of the meaning as you say it.
D. NAMES OF STREETS AND ROADS
Read out loud the names of each of these Chinese streets or roads.
Notes
B1. When mentioning a series of categories, the Chinese language always proceeds from larger or more general to smaller or more specific. That is why, in this item and several others in parts B and C, the province is mentioned before the city. This is also why, as we have already seen, Chinese people’s surnames are mentioned before their given names.
The name of a famous street in Beijing
These are titles, headlines, and other snippets of printed Chinese taken from newspapers and magazines published in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. All of the characters in them are introduced in this book. (See last page for English translations.)
