Читать книгу Troubleshooting and Maintaining Your PC All-in-One For Dummies - Dan Gookin - Страница 5

The very first thing you should do when something unexpected happens on your computer is to open both eyes and drop your mouth a bit. That’s right: Look surprised. After years of using a computer, I’ve mastered this expression.

After the initial shock, consider a few quick fixes. In fact, add the items in this section to your list of ready-cures to remedy any digital distress.

Restarting the PC

The old standby solution is to turn off the computer, wait a few seconds, and then turn it on again. This trick also applies to any technology, from cell phones to smart TVs to nuclear power plants.

A faster way to implement this solution is to sign out of Windows instead of restarting the PC. Signing out shuts down all running programs, which may solve the issue. Follow these steps in Windows 10:

1. If you’re able, close all open programs and windows.

The purpose of this step is to ensure that you don’t have any unsaved data lingering. If you do, the sign-out (or shutdown) process is interrupted.

2. Tap the Windows key to summon the Start menu.

3. Click your Account icon on the left side of the menu.

Use Figure 2-1 as your guide.

4. Choose Sign Out.

Windows signs you out.

5. If any stubborn programs remain open, click the Sign Out Anyway button.

It’s okay to force-close the stubborn programs because, after all, that’s the point of signing out or, if this process fails, restarting the PC.

Eventually, the Windows 10 splash screen appears.

6. Sign in to Windows.

After you sign in again, check to ensure that the problem is gone.

FIGURE 2-1: Locating your Account icon.

If the problem persists, you must restart the PC as the next possible solution: From the Start menu, click the Power icon (refer to Figure 2-1) and choose Restart. And, if the problem persists after that, you can try choosing Shut Down instead of Restart, but at that point the solution most likely involves more troubleshooting than just restarting the system.

❯❯ The reason you wait a few seconds after turning off a computer (or any piece of technology) is to avoid a rapid off–on cycle. Turning the power off and then back on again immediately can damage the electronics.

❯❯ The restart is also the most common solution to fix Internet issues: Restart the modem, the router (or gateway), or both. See Book 2, Chapter 8 for details.

❯❯ To restart a USB peripheral, unplug the USB cable and then reconnect it. For USB-powered peripherals, disconnect both the power supply and USB cable, and then reconnect them in any order.

❯❯ Restarting a computer to fix a problem has become such a common metaphor that the technique frequently appears in media as a general solution to fix any problem. For example, “Turn off Congress and turn it on again.” This delightful development proves how worthy the simple trick can be.

Restarting a stubborn PC or laptop

If the computer doesn’t obey your directions to sign out, restart, or shut down, you must resort to more drastic measures. Though it’s emotionally satisfying to yank the device’s power cord from the wall, I recommend a more reasoned approach.

Follow these steps to turn off a stubborn computer, such as a laptop:

1. Press and hold the power button.

2. Keep holding the button until the device turns itself off.

You might have to wait several seconds. Be patient.

These steps are reliable; I’ve yet to encounter a gizmo that didn’t obey my forced shutdown command. If so, you have a few choices.

If a desktop PC refuses to obey the press-and-hold technique, you can unplug the cord. Alternatively, you can use the secret power supply on–off switch, which is located behind most desktop model PCs.

For a stubborn laptop, you can try evicting the battery from the case, though not every laptop features a removable battery. In that instance, you can continue to press and hold the power button or simply set aside the laptop and wait for the battery to die.

❯❯ You don’t need to press hard on the power button. The button isn’t touch-sensitive, so the electronics aren’t thinking, “Man! She’s pressing down hard. She must really want me to turn off now!”

❯❯ Normally, the press-and-hold technique fixes the problem. If not, you may want to check for an update to the computer’s firmware. Specifically, you’re looking for any issues with the power supply management driver, also called an Advanced Power Management (APM) driver.

❯❯ See Book 2, Chapter 4 for more information on power management issues; PC shutdown snags are covered in Book 2, Chapter 9.

Running a troubleshooter

If Windows still has a pulse, you can get it to help you troubleshoot some common issues. And if Windows doesn’t have a pulse, you can keep reading the rest of this book, which covers specific pulse-less Windows issues.

The key to getting Windows to help you is to locate one of several troubleshooters. These are software tools that help you discover problems and find solutions.

To view the gamut of troubleshooters offered by Windows, obey these steps:

1. Tap the Windows key on the keyboard.

The Start menu pops up.

2. Type troubleshooting

You need to type only the first part of the word. As you type, matching programs appear. The one you’re looking for is Troubleshooting, Control Panel.

3. Choose the top item: Troubleshooting, Control Panel.

The Control Panel opens, displaying a list of troubleshooters.

To proceed with troubleshooting, chose an item on the screen. For example, if your PC is having audio input issues, choose the item Troubleshoot Audio Recording. Then work through the steps presented in the troubleshooting wizard.

❯❯ If a troubleshooter fails, see Book 2 for information on troubleshooting specific hardware issues.

❯❯ I confess that the troubleshooters are effective only a small number of times. The most successful one I’ve used is the Connect to the Internet troubleshooter, which can reset the network adapter and often resolve some local network connection issues.

Repairing a program

Some programs, such as the applications in the Microsoft Office suite, can fix themselves. So, whenever you have issues specific to a program, you can follow these steps to see whether the program has self-repair capabilities:

1. Press Win+I to bring up the Settings app.

2. Choose the System tile.

3. On the left side of the window, choose Apps & Features.

4. Select the app you want to repair.

Scroll through the list, and then click on an app to select it.

After clicking on the app, you see two buttons: Modify and Uninstall. The Modify button is enabled when you repair the program. If it’s disabled, you have to explore other troubleshooting options.

5. Click the Modify button.

6. If you see a User Account Control warning, click the Yes button to proceed.

7. If prompted, choose the Repair option.

Some programs display the Application Maintenance dialog box, like the one shown in Figure 2-2. If you see such a dialog box, click Repair, as illustrated in the figure.

FIGURE 2-2: Repairing a program.

At this point, you continue running a version of the application’s installation or setup program. What happens next depends on the program.

As an example, to repair Microsoft Office, you choose that item in the Settings app and click the Modify button, as described in this section’s steps. Choose Quick Repair and click the Repair button to proceed. Follow the steps on the screen as the repair utility does its job.

❯❯ Not every program features a repair utility. If so, the Modify button (refer to Step 5) is disabled.

❯❯ To repair a Microsoft Office application, such as Word or Excel, you choose the Microsoft Office item in the Settings app.

❯❯ If you cancel out of a program repair (modify) operation, you might see confusing messages about canceling program installation. These are default messages that appear when you cancel program installation. My guess is that the installation program uses the same messages even when you are attempting to repair the program. Bottom line: Nothing was uninstalled.

❯❯ See Book 2, Chapter 7 for more information on solving software problems.

Fixing Windows

It’s much better to fix Windows, or at least try, than to reinstall the entire operating system from scratch. That option is still available, but I strongly recommend fixing first.

Book 3 is stuffed with chapters that cover various tools you can use to address issues with the Windows operating system. Briefly, in order, I recommend the following fixes:

System Restore: For minor glitches, summon a restore point to address the problem. See Book 3, Chapter 5.

The System File Checker: This tool is the handiest utility for fixing Windows, yet it’s too often overlooked. See Book 3, Chapter 4.

Windows Recovery: The Windows Recovery Environment boasts plenty of tools for fixing Windows, including reinstalling the operating system, should that task become necessary. See Book 3, Chapter 1.

Other tools are available as well, each of which is covered in Chapter 3 of this minibook. Also, consider that the problem might not be with Windows; hardware issues can lead you to blame the operating system. Chapters in Book 2 cover various specific hardware problems.

Restoring the system

Many potential solutions are available to restore your computer system, but it helps to know exactly what “the system” is before you attempt one of these solutions.

For the most part, the system refers to software, or specifically, items stored on the primary mass storage device. This list includes the operating system, installed programs, and all your files. Various utilities are available to restore some or all of these items:

Backup and Restore: You can store anything from a single file to everything stored on the hard drive if you archive (back up) that data. The restore operation is how you get back the information. See Book 4, Chapter 3 for details.

System Recovery Disk: Use the data stored on the recovery disk (which is usually a thumb drive) to help fix or completely rebuild Windows. Further recovery is possible when you access the Windows Recovery menu. Both topics are covered in Book 3, Chapter 1.

Restoring the system is most successful when you use tools and run utilities that help you prepare for impending disaster. If you’ve not yet created a System Recovery disk, do so now. Also, configure the Windows 10 File History (the backup feature) if you’ve not yet done so.