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Disasters and Community Lifelines

FEMA created the “Community Lifelines” concept in order to better comprehend the consequences of disasters and improve communication of those impacts to the public and all pertinent parties involved in emergency management. Community Lifelines are fundamental services that are required to maintain routine operations in society. The lifelines that can be severely disrupted in disasters may include: 1. Safety and Security (including fire service, search and rescue, government service, and community safety); 2. Food, Water, and Shelter (including agriculture); 3. Health and Medical (including medical care, public health, patient movement, medical supply chain, fatality management); 4. Energy (including power grid and fuel); 5. Communications (including infrastructure, responder communications, alert warnings and messages, finance, 911, and dispatch); 6. Transportation (including highway/roadway/motor vehicle, mass transit, railway, aviation, and maritime); and 7. Hazardous materials (including facilities, HAZMAT, pollutants, and contaminants). The Community Lifelines concept was tested in many disasters since 2018, and it is now formalized in the 4th edition of the National Respond Framework (see Chapter 11).