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Methods:

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The research consists of a meta-analysis of previously unpublished data collected over a period of 5 years at the University of Vermont Medical Center—Inpatient Psychiatry Units Shepardson 3 South (from now on simply referred to as “Shepardson 3” or “Shep 3”in the text) and Shepardson 6 divided into three main areas:

1 Individual and Group Therapy Sessions,

2 Exercise Groups, and

3 Group Attendance and Session Standardization.

Moreover, the research study is further subdivided into the following categories:

 Individual and Group Psychotherapy Sessions, including but not limited to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Dialectic-Behavioral Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy, and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (see complete list below)

 Multidisciplinary approaches in Integrative vs. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, including but not limited to Meditation, Mindfulness, Relaxation, Art Therapy, Music Therapy, and Dance-Movement Therapy

 Exercise groups focused on gentle movement techniques, T’ai Chi Chuan, and Yoga

 Improvement of therapeutic attendance via standardization and optimization of session offerings and weekly schedules

 Statistical analysis of patients’ feedback via survey and questionnaires addressing the multidisciplinary treatment team (Psychiatrists, Psychotherapists, Registered Nurses, and Social Workers) and staff members (Mental Health Technicians, Licensed Practical Nurses, and Licensed Nurse Assistants)

 Intradepartmental strategies for therapeutic improvement, including Productivity and Cost-benefit analysis, Healthcare Policies Development and Translational Medicine frameworks.

 Volunteer Programs Offerings, including Recovery Groups/AA, Pet Therapy Groups, and Gardening Groups

The statistical analysis of the data has been conducted via the Electronic Health Record Software Epic/Prism, and conducted via the Statistical Software Stata13. No personal, clinical and medical information regarding the single patient has been collected and presented as part of this research. All the information for each of the research studies, meta-analyses, and theoretical reviews presented herein has been collected without any identifiers and used only for statistical purposes, and it will not be connected or linkable to clinical/medical records of single patients and/or categories/diagnosis as part of this research and publication. We also want to stress that the data collection and following statistical analysis part of research study has been conducted in a very specific healthcare setting, namely the UVM Medical center, and in a particular clinical environment, the Inpatient Psychiatry Unit. Thus, any generalization and universal validity of the results hereby presented will need to be further examined in the light of multiple variables and differences in different clinical inpatient vs. outpatient settings. In our case, the conduction and administration of therapies and following questionnaires and surveys has been directed/operated by the Clinical Research Teams:

Head of Research—Principal Investigator:

 David Låg Tomasi, PhD, EdD-PhD, MA, MCS, AAT

Clinical Direction, Administration, and Research Support (2010–2017):

 Isabelle Desjardin, MD, Chief Medical Officer (2017);

 William Tobey Horn, MD, Inpatient Psychiatry Medical Director (2017);

 Allison M. Kaigle Holm, PhD—Senior Research Specialist, Jeffords Institute for Quality;

 Stacey Ward, RN, Inpatient Psychiatry Nurse Manager;

 Katharine Monje, RN, BSN, Inpatient Psychiatry Nurse Manager (2014–2015);

 Elaine A. Koenig, RN, BSN, Inpatient Psychiatry Nurse Educator;

 Kevin A. Huckshorn, PhD, MSN, RN, CADC, ICRC—Six Core Strategies;

 Allison Kaigle Holm, PhD, Director of Research, Jeffords Institute Research, the University of Vermont Medical Center

Team 1—Psychotherapists/Group Therapists/Activity Therapists1 (2012–2017):

 Carol Clawson, MA, OT

 John Derivan, MEd

 Theresa Emery, MSW

 Lindsay Enman, MSW

 Sheri Gates, MA

 Kevin Melo, MA

 Annie Rapaport, MA

 Emily Reyns, MA, R-DMT, MHC

 Joshua Shupp-Star, MA

 Tory Stickney, MA

 Adoria Tudor, MA

 Alixandra West, MA

Team 2—Student Research Team “Fletcher Allen Healthcare Inpatient Psychiatry Process Improvement,” (2014) University of Vermont Business School:

 Michael Bancroft

 William Donaway

 Nicholas Freiberger

 Takara Lyons

Team 3—Exercise Group Leaders, Staff, and UVM Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science Students and Volunteers (2016–2017):

 Sheri Gates, MA, Group Therapist, UVMMC Inpatient Psychiatry

 Tabatha Leahy, BS, Mental Health Tech, UVMMC Inpatient Psychiatry

 Jeremy Sibold, Ed.D., ATC - Associate Dean, UVM College of Nursing and Health Sciences

 Susan Kasser, Ph.D. - Associate Professor, Interim Chair, UVM CNHS - Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science

 Erin Curtis, MD, Psychiatrist, UVMMC Inpatient Psychiatry

 Anjali Varigonda, MD, Psychiatrist, UVMMC Inpatient Psychiatry

 James Goldsmith, Project Manager

 Alex Krupp

 Culli Pringle

To discuss Mind-Body Medicine strategies to improve clinical outcomes in inpatient psychiatry settings, we shall start with a thorough examination of the psychotherapy and group therapy-based interventions offered on the Inpatient psychiatry units Shepardson 3 and Shepardson 6. As “psychotherapy” is a very broad term, we also need to identify the specific characteristics of such practice in this context, starting from needs and objectives: a) individual and group therapy sessions, b) exercise sessions, and c) Attendance and session standardization. Each category is described in detail below.

Mind-Body Medicine in Inpatient Psychiatry

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