Читать книгу Human Intelligence Collector Operations - Department of the Army Headquarters - Страница 49

3-9. Stability and reconstruction operations sustain and exploit security and control over areas, populations, and resources. They employ military and civilian capabilities to help establish order that advances US interests and values. The immediate goal often is to provide the local populace with security, restore essential services, and meet humanitarian needs. The long-term goal is to help develop indigenous capacity for securing essential services, a viable market economy, rule of law, democratic institutions, and robust civil society. Stability and reconstruction operations involve both coercive and cooperative actions. They may occur before, during, and after offensive and defensive operations; however, they also occur separately, usually at the lower end of the range of military operations. The primary focus of the HCTs during stability and reconstruction operations is to answer the commander's information requirements (IRs) and provide support to force protection. In stability and reconstruction operations, the HUMINT collectors must be able to maintain daily contact with the local population. The nature of the threat in stability operations can range from conventional forces to terrorists and organized crime and civil disturbances. Consequently, intelligence requirements can vary greatly. Examples of HUMINT collection requirements include TECHINT to support arms control; extensive political information and demographic data; order of battle (OB) regarding several different former warring factions during peace operations; or extremely detailed target data. HUMINT collectors also help to ascertain the feelings, attitudes, and activities of the local populace. Stability and reconstruction operations may be conducted in coordination with other US departments and agencies, and in conjunction with other countries and international organizations.

3-10. Centralized management and databasing are key to successful HUMINT operations. The HUMINT assets may operate in GS to the parent unit or operate in the AO of subordinate elements of the parent unit. For example, in a division AO, the HCTs would normally operate in DS to the division but each team would normally have an AOIR that corresponds to the AO of the division’s brigades or battalion task forces. There is close coordination between the HUMINT staff officer (C/J/G/S2X) and the OMTs to synchronize HUMINT operations properly, to develop the overall threat awareness, and to deconflict sources. The HCTs screen and debrief contacts to increase the security posture of US forces, to provide information in response to command collection requirements, and to provide early warning of threats to US forces. They may also interrogate detainees if permitted to do so by the mission-specific orders and in accordance with applicable law and policy. Applicable law and policy include US law; the law of war; relevant international law; relevant directives including DOD Directive 3115.09, “DOD Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning”; DOD Directive 2310.1E, “The Department of Defense Detainee Program”; DOD instructions; and military execute orders including FRAGOs.

3-11. Many stability and reconstruction operations are initiated with the establishment of a lodgment or base area. There is a subsequent expansion of operations to encompass the entire AO. The general concept of an HCT’s operation is that of a two-phased effort. In the initial phase, the HCT establishes concentric rings of operations around the US forces starting from the supported unit’s base of operations and working outward. Each ring is based on the threat environment and the commander’s need to develop his knowledge of the tactical situation. The second, or continuation phase, begins once the initial information collection ring is established. The initial ring is not abandoned but rather is added to as the HCT shifts its focus to expand and establish the second and successive rings. The amount of time spent establishing each ring is situationally dependent.