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Of the many types of leadership that have emerged over the past century, transformational leadership is one of the most recent. In the 1970s, James MacGregor Burns defined this in both a political and business context as leadership that enables leaders and followers to raise one another to higher levels of motivation and morality. The more active such leadership is, the more effective it is (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 Transformational Leadership Principles

In general, transformational leaders:

 empower followers and nurture them through change;

 become a strong model for their followers;

 create a vision for the organisation;

 act as change agents for a new direction within the organisation; and

 become social architects.