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[In] the atmosphere of the Cold War . . . Communist advocacy of the interests of the masses, belief in the “laws” of history and progress, and enthronement of ideology and belief at the center of the historical process and historical interpretation were thought of by liberals and conservatives as principles to be combated in the interests of the freedom of the individual. Soviet historians, it was believed, had betrayed the ideals of factual accuracy, neutrality, and detachment in the same way as Nazi historians had. History had become a means of indoctrination, pressed into service of the state, and of the spread of Communism. Western history, on the contrary, was now held to represent the virtues of accuracy, objectivity, and truthfulness.

—Richard J. Evans, In Defense of History (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 30