Читать книгу The English Tenses - E. O. Khundaeva - Страница 5
UNIT 1
THE SIMPLE TENSE
The Past Simple Tense
The affirmative sentences
ОглавлениеI studied French at school. I began to learn English only at the college.
That’s the thing (Вот в чем дело).
It’s a pity (жаль) I didn’t learn English since the early childhood (с раннего детства).
If I did (если бы я училa с раннего детства; если бы это было так – контекстуальный или смысловой перевод) I would be able (я смог бы) to talk English with my colleagues (коллега) from abroad (из-за границы). It’s kind of obstacle (некая помеха, препятствие) when you don’t know languages.
Actually it is (На самом деле, это так).
As far as I am concerned (что касается меня) I would be happy (я был бы рад) to know as many languages as possible (как можно больше языков).
The interrogative sentences
The general questions
Did you go there?
Did you understand me?
Did you get (получить) a letter?
Did you buy (купить) tickets (билет)?
Did I get it right (Я правильно понял)?
Did you learn English at school?
Did you want to learn English or French or perhaps (возможно) some other (другой) language (язык)?
Did she apply for a grant (подавать заявку на грант)?
Did they find out (выяснять) which types of the projects were eligible (проходной, приемлемый, подходящий)? – They did (Да, выясняли).
Did you like it there in London (Тебе понравилось в Лондоне)? – Yes, I did. I did (действительно) like it there in London. It is admirable (восхитительный), glorious (прославленный), amazing (поразительный)), isn’t it (не так ли)? – Oh yes, no doubt (несомненно).
Task:
Make up (придумать, составить) the interrogative sentences (вопросительное предложение), namely (а именно; в частности) the general (общий) questions in the Past Simple Tense. Mind (помните), the auxiliary (вспомогательный) verb «did» must be at the beginning of the question.
Bring to your memory (вспомните) the word-order (порядок слов) in the general questions:
1. The auxiliary (вспомогательный) verb (глагол).
2. The subject (подлежащее) of the sentence (предложение).
3. The main verb (основной глагол).
4. The object (дополнение).
5. The adverbial modifier (обстоятельство).
Memorize (запомнить) the pattern (образец): Do you read books often?
The special questions
When did you begin to go to school?
Where did you live when you began to go to school?
Which school did you go to?
How did you get to school (on foot – пешком, by tram, by bus, by trolley-bus, in a car)?
When did you finish it?
Which college or university did you enter?
When did you enter the university or college?
When did you graduate from the university?
Where did you work after graduating from the university?
The alternative questions
Did you begin (начинать) to attend (посещать) school at 6 or 7?
Did you live in Ulan-Ude when you began to go to school or did you live in some other place?
Did you go to school on foot (пешком) or by some kind (вид) of transport?
Did you learn (учить) English at school or at the college?
Did you want (хотеть) to learn English or French or perhaps (возможно) some other (другой) tongue (язык)?
Did she apply for a grant (подавать заявку на грант) or not yet?
Did they find out (выяснять) which types of projects were eligible (проходной, приемлемый, подходящий) or not yet?
The tag questions
You learned English at school, didn’t you?
You learned it willingly (охотно), didn’t you?
He learned English since the early childhood (с раннего детства), didn’t he?
He began to learn the foreign languages at an early age (в раннем возрасте), didn’t he?
They left for lake Baikal early in the morning (рано утром), didn’t they?
She went shopping early in the morning, didn’t she?
He went to the hospital late at night (поздно вечером), didn’t he?
You didn’t learn English at school, did you?
You didn’t learn the foreign languages willingly (охотно), did you?
He didn’t learn English since the early childhood (с раннего детства), did he?
He didn’t begin to learn the foreign languages at an early age (в раннем возрасте), did he?
The negative sentences
You did not go there (туда).
You did not understand me.
You did not get (получить) the letter.
You did not buy (купить) the tickets (билет)?
You did not get it right (Вы не поняли это правильно).
You did not learn English at school
You did not apply for a grant (подавать заявку на грант).
They did not find out (выяснять) which types of the projects were eligible (проходной, приемлемый, подходящий).
The intensifying (усилительное) do, does, did
I do observe all the conditions specified on the application form. Я действительно выполняю все условия, указанные на бланке заявки.
He does know about that. Он на самом деле знает об этом.
We did go there. Мы на самом деле ходили туда.
They did complete the project. Фактически они завершили проект.
Please, do come. Пожалуйста, обязательно приходите.
Translate, please
Мы действительно пригласили их.
На самом деле, я хочу учить английский язык. I do want to learn English.
Я очень хочу разговаривать на английском языке.
Я очень хочу переводить с английского языка на (to) русский.
Я действительно хочу переводить сама.
Они действительно хотят участвовать в этом проекте. They do want to participate in this project.
Она очень хочет познакомиться с ними (to get acquainted with them).
***
Они действительно хотели участвовать (participate) в проекте.
Она на самом деле знала об этом. She did know about that.
Они очень хотели поехать туда.
Им очень понравилось там. They did like it there.
Кате очень понравилось работать с вами.
Она очень хочет приехать сюда снова. She does want to come here again.
Мы фактически завершили (complete) работу.
***
Они на самом деле хотят приехать сюда. They do want to come here.
Мне на самом деле нравится эта мысль. I do like the idea.
Я действительно хочу поехать туда.
Ты на самом деле ездила туда. You did go there.
Он действительно исследовал (study) эту проблему.
Она на самом деле хотела стать a downhill skier (горнолыжник).
Мы фактически (did) приобрели (get) все оборудование (all the equipment).
***
Они очень хотели заняться (take up) этим проектом.
Я на самом деле (did) подготовила программу проекта.
Вы практически написали (prepare) обоснование (validation) проекта.
Они фактически подготовили дельные (efficient, sensible) предложения (offer).
Я на самом деле продумала (think over) все стадии (stage) проекта.
На самом деле я знала об этом. I did know about that.
Он действительно знал об этом. He did know about that.
Они фактически знали все. They did know all.
The Future Simple Tense
The affirmative sentences
We’ll go there tomorrow.
They’ll come the day after tomorrow (послезавтра).
I«ll be in Ulan-Ude in (через) a day.
You’ll arrive (прибывать) in Moscow in a day or two.
We’ll arrive in the station in two hours.
I’ll come and see you (Я приеду навестить вас) in (через) some time.
You’ll land (приземлиться) in several minutes.
***
Next Sunday he’ll come and see you (придти проведать; навестить).
Next month he’ll be at your place (у вас), that’s for sure (это наверняка).
Next year we’ll be visiting you.
The next day they’ll inform us of the results of the competition (конкурс).
They’ll come to our place (к нам) the next Sunday.
She‘ll come the day after tomorrow (послезавтра).
***
I’ll come in (через) a day.
You’ll also (тоже, также) come in a day or two.
She’ll come and see us in (через) some time.
Alex will be here in several hours.
We’ll arrive (прибывать, приезжать) next week.
You all will be here next month, that’s for sure (это точно).
They’ll meet in a year and have a big feast (праздник, пиршество).
***
I will translate this text with a dictionary (словарь).
Will you translate your text with a dictionary too?
Ann will translate her text with no dictionary (без словаря), I guess (полагаю, думаю, догадываюсь).
She will make use of (использовать) the context, I gather (думать, делать вывод).
At any rate (во всяком случае) she says so (так) and I think she’s partly (частично) right.
***
You’ll show your translation to the teacher, won’t you (не так ли)?
She’ll give (поставить) you a mark (оценка), won’t she?
It will be a five, won’t it (не так ли)?
I daresay (осмелюсь сказать) it will (что да).
They will stay (остаться) there for long (надолго), do you think (думаешь)?
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Will you go there tomorrow?
Will they come the day after tomorrow (послезавтра)?
Will you be in Ulan-Ude in (через) a day?
Will you arrive (прибывать) in Moscow in a day or two?
Will they arrive at the township (посёлок городского типа) in a week?
Will you come and see us (навестить) in (через) some time?
Will you land (приземлиться) in several minutes?
***
Will she come and see you soon?
Will they be at your place (у вас) soon?
Will they visit you in January?
Will they inform us of the results of the competition (конкурс) for grant?
Will they come to our place (к нам) the next Sunday?
Will she come the day after tomorrow (послезавтра)?
The special questions
Who will arrive (прибывать) soon?
When will they arrive?
What will they do here?
What will be their main (главный) purpose (цель)?
Where will they stay (остановиться)?
Who will they meet (встречаться) with?
Who will they consult with?
The alternative questions
Will they come in (через) a day or two?
Will you also (тоже, также) come in a day or two?
Will she come and see us in (через) some time?
Will Alex be here in several hours (через несколько часов)?
Will you arrive (прибывать, приезжать) the next week?
Will you all be here the next month?
Will they meet in (через) a year and have a big feast (праздник, пиршество)?
Task
Think of (придумать, составить) your own sentences with the above (вышеприведенный) words.
The tag questions
He will translate this text with a dictionary (словарь), won’t he?
You will translate the text with a dictionary too, won’t you?
Ann will translate her text with no dictionary (без словаря), I guess (полагаю, думаю, догадываюсь), won’t she?
She will make use of (использовать) the context, I gather (думать, делать вывод), won’t she?
You’ll show your translation to the teacher, won’t you (не так ли)?
She’ll give (поставить) you a good mark (оценка), won’t she?
It’ll sure (несомненно, конечно) be a five, won’t it (не так ли)?
I daresay (осмелюсь сказать) it will be, won’t it?
The negative sentences
I won’t go there (Я не пойду туда).
You won’t talk (разговаривать) to them.
He won’t believe (верить) you.
She won’t enter (поступать) that college.
We won’t stay (останавливаться) in that hotel.
You won’t send (отправлять) that fax (факс).
***
They won’t have many questions to put (У них не будет много вопросов).
We won’t have many requests to make (У нас не будет много просьб).
They won’t have any claims (претензия, требование). It was the juncture of the events (стечение обстоятельств), just the coincidence (совпадение).
I won’t stay there for long (Я не буду там долго).
I won’t have any reproaches (упрек) and I won’t have any self-reproach (упрек самому себе) too. It was the concurrence (стечение) of the circumstances (обстоятельство).