Читать книгу The English Tenses - E. O. Khundaeva - Страница 6
UNIT 2
The Progressive (Continuous) Tense
ОглавлениеThe distinctive features (отличительный черты):
1. Процесс, происходящий в определенный конкретный момент (период). Временные индикаторы: now, at 5 o’clock, when I came, etc.
2. Параллельно происходящие действия, события или состояния. Временной индикатор: while (пока; в то время, как …).
3. Процесс, охватывающий период времени: from… till (от… до).
The present Progressive Tense
The affirmative sentences
I am reading a book. Я сейчас читаю книгу.
You are translating the text.
He is working at this problem.
She is writing a letter.
We are thinking over (обдумывать) the problem.
You are discussing how (как) to do it.
They are waiting for (ждать) the manager.
I’m talking to them now.
***
Translate, please.
Мы сейчас учим английский язык. We are learning English now.
Мы завтракаем (We are having breakfast), приходите немного попозже (a little later).
Мы сейчас выполняем совместный проект (complete a joint project).
Мы сейчас работаем над методологией исследования (methodology of the study).
Сейчас я консультирую детей (I am consulting the children).
Мы сейчас печатаем заявку (type an application).
Мы сейчас продолжаем (continue; go on with) исследование.
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Are you writing your resume? Yes, I am. I’m just writing my resume. I was asked to (меня попросили).
Is he writing an article for the newspaper? I think so (думаю, что да).
Is Nina calling (звонит) you? No, it’s Ann.
Are we going to the Ivanovs (Ивановы; семья Ивановых) first (сначала)? Yes, right.
Are your friends calling you just now? Yes, these are my friends.
***
Read the following funny (cмешной) sentences, please
– Is the frog (лягушка) smiling (смеяться)? – Oh yes, it is just smiling. Right you are (вы правы).
– Is the beetle (жук) doing nothing (ничего)? – That’s right, it is doing nothing. It is not doing anything.
– Are the bears (медведь) carrying (нести; носить) milk (молоко)? – They aren’t carrying any milk. It seems (кажется) they are carrying honey (мед).
– Is the fish (рыба) eating (кушать, есть) a pine-apple (ананас) or an apple (яблоко)? – It is sure (конечно, несомненно) eating a pine-apple.
– The frog (лягушка) is watering (поливать) the flower (цветок), isn’t it? – You aren’t mistaken. It is just watering the flower.
The special questions
Who are you talking to?
What are you doing now?
When are you going to Irkutsk?
Where are they going now?
How are they solving their problems (решать свои проблемы)?
How long are they playing?
Which place are you leaving for (уезжать)?
***
Who is playing chess with my nephew (племянник)?
Who is my niece (племянница) playing with?
What game are the children playing?
Where are the children playing?
When are they coming home?
How are they doing sums (решать задачи)?
How long are they staying (пребывать, находиться) in the health resort (курорт)?
***
Who is running along the road?
What is the boy keeping (держать) in his hand?
Which of them (кто из них, который из них) is running very quick?
Where are they running?
When are they coming here?
How is she performing (исполнять) her part (роль)?
How long are they playing in that playground (игровая площадка)?
The alternative questions
Was your acquaintance doing shopping or just window-shopping?
Is Nick reading a newspaper or a magazine?
Is she reading a textbook (учебник) or a glossy magazine (глянцевый журнал)?
Are you translating an article or a letter?
Is she writing a letter or an article?
Were you thinking over (обдумывать) this problem or another one?
Are you discussing how to do it or are you just having a chat (болтать)?
The tag questions
You are watching TV now, aren’t you?
Your neighbor is looking through the window, isn’t she?
Your colleague is reading a detective story now, isn’t he?
Ann is reading a book, isn’t she?
You are learning English, aren’t you?
They are reading the textbook (учебник), aren’t they?
Translate, please
Мы сейчас учим английский язык, не так ли (aren’t we)?
Мы сейчас выполняем совместный проект (complete a joint project), так (aren’t we)?
Мы сейчас работаем над методологией исследования (methodology of the study), ведь так?
Сейчас я консультирую детей (consult the children), так ведь?
Мы сейчас печатаем заявку (type an application), не так ли?
Они сейчас продолжают (continue; go on with) исследование (study), правда?
Они сейчас едут сюда, так ведь?
The negative sentences
I am not reading that book, I have finished reading it. You can take it.
You aren’t reading the magazine, can I take it?
He is not writing the letter as I see. When is he going to finish it?
We are not dealing with (заниматься) that project, we are doing something else (другиe вещи, что-то ещё).
I am not reading that book.
You are not writing a letter.
He is not working at the project now.
She is not looking through (просматривать) any glossy magazine (глянцевый журнал).
They are not writing any substantiation (обоснование) of the project.
The Past Progressive tense
The affirmative sentences
I was washing (мыть) the dishes (посуда) when they called (позвонить) me.
You were looking through (просматривать) the documents at that moment.
She was packing up (упаковывать вещи) when she learned (узнать) about that.
We were talking (разговаривать) when he interrupted (прерывать) us.
They were discussing the matter (этот вопрос) when Alice entered (входить) the room.
***
We were preparing (писать, готовить) a monograph (монография, книга) when we got (получить) the news (новости) concerning (относительно) the announcement (объявление) of a competition (конкурс) for a short-term (краткосрочный) grant in the humanities (в области гуманитарных наук).
They were writing a brief (краткий) summary (обзор, обобщение) of the proposal (проект) when they learned (узнать) about the announcement of another, more favorable (более благоприятный, выгодный) competition (конкурс).
When we were reading the instructions for applicants (лицо, подавшее заявку), we learned (узнать) that they must hold (иметь) the PhD degree (ученая степень) or show evidence (продемонстрировать, показать) of the equivalent (соответствующий) professional experience (опыт).
Translate, please.
Когда мы скрепляли (staple) заявку (application), нам сказали (we were told), что этого делать нельзя (that we should not do that). Когда мы писали заявку (application), мы узнали (learn), что факсы (fax) заявок не принимаются (are not accepted).
Когда мы печатали заявку (type an application), мы узнали (learn), что оригинал должен быть напечатан (should be typed) ясно и четко (with a fresh, dark ribbon), так как (for, because) заявки (application) будут несколько раз копироваться (will be photocopied several times).
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Were you waiting for me? – Oh, yes, we were. We’re really glad to see you at our place (у нас дома).
Was he sending an E-mail message when I called him? – Yes, he was.
Were they seeing them off (провожать) when Ann came? – Yes, the guests were just leaving (как раз уходили), they were bidding farewell (прощаться).
Was the child smiling when they took his photo? – Yes, he was.
Were the boys playing football when you came? – No, they weren’t, they were playing tennis.
Were you writing your essay (очерк, реферат) when they came? – No, I wasn’t. I was tidying up (делать уборку) the room.
Was Helen looking through (просматривать) the papers when you came to see (навестить) her.
The special questions
What was your relative doing when you came to see him?
What were your friends doing when you came ashore (пришли на берег).
What was the boy doing when you looked through the window?
What were the learners (учащийся) doing when they were in the library (библиотека)?
What were you doing when your colleagues (коллега) came to congratulate (поздравить) you?
What was Ann doing when you came to see (приходить навестить) her?
***
What were the children doing when you came to school?
What was she doing while Ann was writing her account (отчет).
What were you doing while Ann was watching TV (смотреть телевизор)?
What was she doing while you were cutting (резать) cucumbers (огурец) and tomatoes for salad?
What were you doing while he was fixing up (ремонтировать, чинить) the car?
***
What was Alex doing from 9 till 10 yesterday morning? I couldn’t find him.
What were they doing all day long? Why haven’t they done anything?
Where were they going? – They were probably (вероятно) going to their work.
What were they looking through? – They were looking through their essays (реферат).
What were you doing? – I was looking for (искать) my summary (конспект).
What were you doing an hour ago (час тому назад)? – I was looking for (искать) my notes (запись, заметка).
The alternative questions
Were you waiting for me or not? Oh, yes, we were. We are really glad to see you at our place (у нас дома).
Was he sending an E-mail message when I called him or not? Yes, he was.
Were they seeing off (провожать) their guests when Ann came or were they keeping them back (удерживать, не отпускать)? Yes, theу were keeping them back.
Was the child smiling when they took his photo or was he just interested in the camera? I think, he was interested in the camera.
Were the boys playing football when you came or weren’t they? No, they weren’t, they were playing tennis.
Were you writing your essay when they came or were you doing something else (заниматься чем-то другим)? I wasn’t writing my essay when they came. I was tidying up (делать уборку) the room.
