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Endosymbiotic Hypothesis of the Creation of Mitochondria
ОглавлениеEndosymbiotic hypothesis: After the oxygen revolution on Earth – the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere as a result of photosynthesis of cyanobacteria (from the Greek. κυανός – "blue-green") at the end of the Archean Eon, 2.5 billion years ago5, and the Huron glaciation ("Snowball Earth" for 300 million years) of 2.4-2.1 billion years ago, the next Proterozoic Eon (al-Greek. πρότερος – "first, senior" + ζωή – "life") is the earliest Precambrian part of the history of the world – Cryptozoic Eon (from ancient Greek. κρυπτός (kryptós) – "secretive, hidden, unmanifested" and ζωή (zoe) – "life"), about two billion years ago, two prokaryotes (from ancient Greek. πρό – "before, before" and κάρυον – "core"), a representative of bacteria and a representative of archaea, united, forming a tandem.
The resulting tandem prepared changes and the image of a new model of the ideal during the so–called "boring billion" (1.8 – 0.72 billion years ago) for the "new life of the first, eldest" in the last period of "hidden (unmanifested) life" – Neoproterozoic (from the ancient Greek. Vέος – "new" + πρότερος – "first, senior, eldest" + ζωή – "life"), as well as the transition to manifested life – Phanerozoic Eon (ancient Greek: φανερός – "explicit, open, visible" and ζωή – "life").
Aerobic (processing oxygen for energy synthesis) alphaproteobacteria or, according to one version, its variety has become a symbiont of anaerobic archaea (from the ancient Greek: ἀρχαῖος – "eternal, ancient, primordial, old"), living due to glycolysis (glucose oxidation) and fermentation (processing of organic products).
This pair became the basis of the future eukaryotic cell (eukaryotes, "fully nuclear"), which took shape during the Neoproterozoic ("new life of the first elders") of the Cryptozoic (Pre-Cambrian) Eon ("hidden, unmanifested life"). And the eukaryotic cell, in turn, became an elementary unit of structure and vital activity, reproduction, development of all living multicellular organisms in the Phanerozoic Eon ("visible (manifested) life").
The cell has a formed nucleus and a number of organelles, its components, one of which is the mitochondria, the ancestor of which is considered to be an alphaproteobacteria or its variety.
Apparently, the archaea genome contained an impressive stock of already existing debugged solutions (from the ancient Greek ἀρχαῖα, which means "ancient things"), which were selected by the Spirit of the Creator to create a new image.
From Wikipedia on the page about archaea in the Russian version: "As a rule, archaea have a single ring chromosome, the size of which can reach 5,751,492 pairs of nucleotides in Methanosarcina acetivorans, which has the largest known genome among archaea." The ring chromosome of the archaea as a copy of the golden version of the matrix circle of the passed stage.
Bacteria, as far as can be judged, are carriers of the ideas of creating a new one or making changes to what has already been created, its recombination. We are afraid of bacteria, but, on the other hand, without them there will be no changes in life, both bad and good.
In order not to ruin everything that has already been created before, bacteria take a small part of the genes in which something will change. These changes are an integral part of our life and the overall plan of the Creator. Those changes that have "taken root", having passed a number of checks and tests, internal and external, can be given to archaea, and "move on" in accordance with the Creator's plan. If there were no plan and general structure of the Universe created by the Almighty, then one would not even dream of today's civilization.
In the context of the Creator's plan, the archaea genome became the basis of the DNA of the cell nucleus, and the mitochondria remained a semi-autonomous symbiont-a stanger traveling light. It has own small genome. For humans, it has the form of a closed circular double helix of mitochondrial DNA – mtDNA6. The size of human mtDNA is 16,569 nucleotide pairs, which is approximately 105 times smaller than in the genome of the cell nucleus.
A New Project and a Way to Achieve It. Tandem of Creativity and Technical and Material Capabilities
It can be assumed that the mitochondrial genome performs the task of updating the old and creating a new image in the Lower Manifested world, where there is a constant renewal of matter and mind.
mtDNA initially has some deviations from the standard genetic code of nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA also undergoes frequent mutations, probably in search of a way to implement a new project, unlike nuclear DNA, where mutations occur much less frequently.
Of course, all these mutations affect the functioning of the human body and brain, his health. These processes took place for humanity as a whole unconsciously until the third round of development, when the situation began to change, and already many people began to participate in scientific research of living and inanimate nature and solving the mysteries of the universe.
Three and a Half Turns of the Spiral of Development and the Structure of Sleep
At the beginning of this book, there was already mention of three and a half turns of the spiral of development for obtaining basic knowledge and experience of the life processes of the inner universe.
In Hinduism and Buddhism, they are displayed in the form of a Kundalini energy coiled in three and a half turns ([kundalini] – "rolled up in the form of a ring", "coiled in the form of a snake").
The snake is depicted placed in the lowest energy chakra (IAST: cakra lit. "circle, wheel, disc") or padma (IAST: padma letters. "lotus") with the name Muladhara (IAST: mūla – "root", "base"; IAST: adhāra – "foundation", "basis", "support").
And in Kabbalah, the mysterious Chaldeans from the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia (the Interfluve between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the display of the cerebellum vermis, the "small brain" responsible for coordinating movements) left the structure of the Tree of Life to the Jewish people. The seven lower components of the structure belong to the three levels of reality of the manifested material world. Three levels of reality and three rounds of development of the Adam project7.
The eighth, hidden component, called Da'at (knowledge, cognition), leads to a new earth and a new heaven of the quantum universe of the Kingdom of Heaven, if you remove the seven seals and deal with three and a half turns of development, as far as can be judged. And there are three more upper Sefirot that control the continuous processes of the matrix of renewal of the components of the current manifested material world to replenish the "Kingdom of Heaven" with new possibilities.
The seven components also echo the stages of human sleep8. The sixth corresponds to the repetition of the second stage of slow sleep, when a new project for the body and mind of the third turn is lowered, associated with the pseudogenes of the nucleus (see NUMT below).
In the history of our world, the USSR with a red flag with a five–pointed star with a golden border – the symbol of the golden section of the "Vitruvian man" (Latin Homo Vitruvianus; another name Domus Aeternus – "Eternal House") was the country of the third round of development for the "descendants of Adam" (from Hebrew אָדָם [adam] – lit. "man"; the same root with the words אדמה [adama] – "earth" and אדוו [adom] – "red"). The third round of the development spiral in the context of post-mitochondrial return and the second stage of slow sleep (see below).
The flag of the Soviet Union also contains images of a hammer and sickle. From the perspective of consciousness on the third level of reality, the sickle is perceived as a tool for reaping the seeds of a new worldview, the hammer – for remelting down the structure of the mind.
Return to the 2nd Stage of Slow Sleep on the Third Turn of the Development Spiral
The beginning of the return to the second stage of slow sleep on the third turn of the spiral of development looks like an event in 1896, related to the topic of tandem or postmitochondria (about it in the next section), formed before the creation of the "USSR pseudo-cell' behind the 'Iron Curtain'".
At the All-Russian Industrial and Craft Exhibition of 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod, Russian engineer, architect, inventor Vladimir Shukhov presented eight round steel rotundas as exhibition pavilions, as well as a model of a water tower of a steel hyperboloid structure with a spiral staircase inside, resembling an RNA spiral. (The surname Shukhov recalls the ancient Egyptian god Shu, whom the original god Atum "spit out" of himself, and we will return to this topic in the second part of the book.)
The model of the Shukhov water tower was presented at the All-Russian Exhibition in 1896 from the "Technical Office of engineer A.V. Bari", since, at that time, Vladimir Grigoryevich Shukhov was its chief designer and chief engineer. He became her employee at the invitation of the owner, Alexander Bari.
The Shukhov-Bari tandem resembles the original alphaproteobacterium-archaea tandem or the revived postmitochondria (see the next section), which offers a new project for the basis of the Tree of Life, as well as its seven ring components of the manifested world and the eighth for entering the unmanifested.
Two years later in the city of Vyksa, Nizhny Novgorod region (the symbol of Vyksa is an ascending unicorn (iRNA)) Shukhov built a functioning hyperboloid water tower, as well as the world's first steel "sails" for the roof of the metallurgical plant workshop.
The Pseudo-Cell behind the "Iron Curtain"
The Soviet Union, created in the first half of the next century (XX century) behind the "Iron Curtain", to some extent reflected the process of creating a cell as an underworld in the current lower world for the development project of the descendants of Adam of the third turn. Shukhov continued his work in this new Soviet society-pseudo-cell.
After the water towers, other hyperboloid structures appeared – lighthouses and a radio tower on Shabolovka 160 m high in Moscow, the capital of the USSR, from which television and radio broadcasting was carried out throughout the Soviet Union. Later, Vladimir Shukhov also made a significant contribution to the oil refining industry of the USSR. He died in February 1939 before the outbreak of World War II.
Work on the implementation of the new structure of the mind was completed in the mid-1980s. Since 1987, "Perestroika" has been declared the main direction of development of the USSR. In the same year, the Shukhov Tower on Shabolovka was awarded the status of a cultural heritage site of regional significance. Broadcasting by that time had been carried out for more than one year from the television center in Ostankino.
The initiator of perestroika (1985-1991) was the last General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (1985-1991), who became the only President of the USSR in history (1990-1991). Probably, he can be called a leader who no longer opened a "window to Europe", but the "doors of the pseudo-cell" to the outside world by removing the "iron curtain". He initiated the process of combining the first ones, created in the image of God, and the descendants of Adam of the third turn.
Gorbachev emphasized the word "thinking", having also as a hint a birthmark in the area of the frontal lobe of the brain. The work with the genes of the body of Adam's descendants, apparently, had to do with experiments in concentration camps in World War II. (Kazakh singer, musician and composer Dimash had the inscription "Soon" on the background of a video posted on December 3, 2022, where he performed a fragment of the main musical theme (Composed by J. Williams) to the American film "Schindler's List" ("Schindler's List", 1993) by Steven Spielberg based on the novel "Schindler's Ark" by the Australian writer Thomas Keneally. The slogan of the film is a a Talmudic quotation: "Whoever saves one life saves the world entire".)
Perestroika led to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, after which 15 Union republics became separate states. The "pseudo-cell" has ceased to exist. And already in 1997, the Baiterek Monument was built in Kazakhstan, one of the former Soviet republics. Baiterek is a representation of the new Tree of Life, resembling the upper part of the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, the "heart" of the Peter and Paul Fortress in the city of St. Petersburg in Russia.
5
Before the "oxygen catastrophe", life on Earth was anaerobic. The first inhabitants of the Earth, archaea and bacteria, used anoxygenic (i.e. oxygen-free) photo- or chemosynthesis to produce energy. Everything changed about 2.8 billion years ago with the appearance of cyanobacteria, which "created" an ETC (electron transport chain) that can decompose water to produce electrons.
Oxygen, a by-product of this process, turned out to be a poison for all the anaerobic inhabitants of the prehistoric planet. The appearance of aerobic bacteria capable of using oxygen as the final electron acceptor in the ETC was a real evolutionary breakthrough. These bacteria are considered to be the progenitors of mitochondria. Source Wikipedia.
6
In some plants, both ring and linear mitochondrial DNA molecules are present. Organisms such as infusoria from the protist group have only linear mitochondrial DNA. The genome of plant mitochondria can reach 370,000 nucleotide pairs, which is about 20 times larger than the genome of human mitochondria. The number of genes here is also about 7 times more, which is accompanied by the appearance of additional electronic transport pathways in plant mitochondria that are not associated with ATP synthesis. In plants, each mitochondria contains several DNA molecules of different sizes that are capable of recombination.
Human mitochondrial DNA encodes 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transport RNAs (tRNAs) and 13 proteins. These are redox proteins of the respiratory chain (Electron transport chain, ETC) of intracellular respiration carried out in mitochondria. The conjugated work of ETC and ATP synthase is called oxidative phosphorylation, which leads to the synthesis of ATP. The mitochondria produces less than half of the types of proteins it needs.
Mammalian and fungal mtDNA encodes very small ribosomes characterized by a sedimentation coefficient of 55S, which is even lower than that of the 70S-ribosomes of the prokaryotic type. At the same time, two large ribosomal RNAs are also smaller than in prokaryotes, and there is no small rRNA at all. In plant mitochondria, on the contrary, ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotic ones in size and structure.
The number of proteins translated from mitochondrial mRNA forming subunits of large enzyme complexes is limited. A significant part of proteins is encoded in the nucleus and synthesized on cytoplasmic 80S ribosomes.
The mitochondrial matrix also contains enzyme systems of organic oxidation and enzymes of the Krebs cycle. In general, the whole process of energy formation in mitochondria can be divided into four main stages, the first two of which take place in the matrix, and the last two – on the crystals of mitochondria. Source Wikipedia.
7
Depending on the level of their development, people differ from each other. From the "National Encyclopedia" of Kazakhstan:
"'Man' is a general concept that defines the features and differences of the human species from other biological species on Earth." (In this perspective, having a human body and not possessing something more, some special skills, differences that are worth preserving, is only a representative of one of the species of the animal world.)
"'Individual' is a single representative of the human race, an individual person. Individual is a set of personal, characteristic features that distinguish one person from another."
"'Personality' is not only the natural and biological characteristics of a person, it is what is outside of nature – the essence of a person living in society and formed in close connection with society. To be precise, personality is the human qualities of an individual outside of nature, qualities that represent significant aspects of his social life."
8
Modern man's sleep has two phases – slow and rapid, NREM and REM. Slow sleep has 4 stages. Western scientists have identified three stages. But, the natural cycle is a kind of unconscious dream and has 4 stages – spring, summer, autumn, winter. From this angle, it would be logical to divide the sleep phase into 4 parts:
1.1 NREM – Slow sleep, "dream time" and drowsiness (alpha rhythm (8-13Hz) decreases, theta rhythm appears (4-8 Hz)).
1.2 NREM – Slow sleep, shallow sleep (theta waves dominate, sleepy spindles appear, 2-5 times/min – sigma rhythm as rapid alpha (12-14–20 Hz) with the disconnection of human consciousness)
1.3 NREM – Slow sleep, deep sleep when it is difficult to wake a person (delta oscillations of 2 Hz <50%).
1.4 NREM – Slow sleep, deep sleep when it is difficult to wake a person (delta oscillations of 2 Hz >50%).
Rapid sleep (REM) does not occur immediately after slow sleep (NREM). After the last, 4th stage of slow sleep (NREM), there is a return to its 2nd stage, and then rapid sleep (REM) with elements of absurdity and paradox comes (see Wikipedia).
These elements draw our attention to the most important points, the key ones in the fractal formula for the unfolding of the scenario of the world.
1.5 Repeat NREM – Slow sleep, shallow sleep (theta waves dominate, sleepy spindles appear, 2-5 times/min – sigma rhythm as a rapid alpha (12-14–20 Hz) with the disconnection of human consciousness).
1.6 REM – REM sleep, the first stage, which is divided into two parts, corresponding to the "dream time" and the "drowsiness" NREM.
The second phase, REM – rapid sleep, consists of the same stages as slow sleep. But they proceed very quickly and are accompanied by rapid eye movements under closed eyelids. Therefore, the second phase is briefly called REM (Rapid Eye Movement), and the slow phase is called NREM (Not REM).
1.7-1.9 – REM – Rapid sleep, stages 2-4, corresponding to the same stages of slow sleep and the worlds of Assiya (performing actions), Yetzira (formation, formation of individuals), Briya (creation of personalities) in Kabbalah.
Apparently, the second part of the first stage of REM and its next three stages are directly related to the three and a half turns of consciousness development (see also the section "The Mobius loop, the fractal formula of the unfolding of the world and the structure of sleep" of the article "Behind the mirror – 3 …" and the post "Sleep, structure – phases, stages" in in the forum section "Collect meanings: Sleep, memory")
The REM phase correlates with the third Great Pyramid on the Giza plateau in Egypt – the pyramid of Menkaur (Mikerin) through… Hetaera Rhodopis, the prototype of Cinderella from a fairy tale (see the post "2 is NOT an endless story. All coincidences are thought out…" in the forum section "Collect meanings: Behind the mirror" on the website https://lichno-st.ru / project "Levels of Reality (Levels of Reality, LofR)
