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Detailed table of contents

Оглавление

1.1 How to use this book

1.2 What is effective writing?

1.3 What to avoid

1.4 Writing is communication – how does it work?

1.5 Plain English

1.6 Grammar and expression

1.8 Beyond the writing

1.9 Correct writing

Part A – The basics

2 Grammar self-assessment

2.1.1 Parts of speech

2.1.2 Sentences or fragments

2.1.3 Check of some areas of spelling and grammar

2.2.1 Parts of speech

2.2.2 Sentences or fragments

2.2.3 Check of some areas of spelling and grammar

3.1 Use your dictionary

3.2 Read carefully

3.3 Memorise groups of words

3.4 Analyse unknown words

3.5 Make lists of troublesome words

3.6 Follow the rules of spelling

3.7 Plurals of nouns

3.8 Plurals of compounds

3.9 Possession in nouns

3.10 Spell checks

3.11 Proofreading

3.12 Hyphenation

4 Parts of speech

4.6 Preposition

4.7 Conjunction

4.8 Interjection

5 Groups: sentences contain words, phrases, clauses

5.4 Sentence functions

6.1 Paragraph construction

6.2 Linking words

6.3 Paragraph length

6.4 Number of paragraphs

7.2 End punctuation

7.2.1 Full stop

7.2.2 Question mark

7.2.3 Exclamation mark

7.8 Quotation marks

7.9 Parentheses

7.10 Apostrophe

7.10.1 Possession

7.10.2 Contraction

8 Clear writing

8.1 Parallel structure

8.1.1 Connecting pairs

8.2 Controlling time

8.3 Controlling person

8.4 Avoiding ambiguity

8.4.1 Lexical ambiguity

8.4.2 Surface structure ambiguity

8.4.3 Deep structure ambiguity

8.4.4 Reference ambiguity

8.4.5 Inadequate punctuation ambiguity

8.6.1 Dangling modifiers

8.6.2 Misplaced modifiers

8.7 Subject–verb agreement

8.8 Pronoun–antecedent agreement

8.9 Correcting comma fault and run-on sentences

8.10 Introducing noun clauses

8.11 Omitting or repeating a verb

9 Grammar reassessment

9.1.1 Parts of speech

9.1.2 Sentences or fragments

9.1.3 Spelling, grammar, sentence structure and basic punctuation

9.1.4 Sentence structure

9.2.1 Parts of speech

9.2.2 Sentences or fragments

9.2.3 Spelling, grammar, sentence structure and basic punctuation

9.2.4 Sentence structure

Part B – Writing effectively

10 Plain English expression and style

10.1 Correct grammar is not enough

10.2 Conveying a clear message

10.3 Long sentences

10.3.1 Added-on sentence

10.3.2 Qualified sentence

10.3.3 Adapting long sentences

10.4 Short sentences

10.5 Sentence length and readability

10.6 Arrangement within and between sentences

10.7 Active and passive verbs

10.8 Verbs or verbal nouns?

11 Choosing your words

11.1 Pompous words

11.2 Too many words

11.2.1 Redundancy

11.2.3 Wordy phrases

11.3 Too many nouns

11.4 Overworked expressions – clichés

11.5 Overuse of ‘you’

11.6 Writing positively

11.7 Foreign words

11.9 Technical terms

11.9.1 Make a glossary

11.9.2 Give a definition

11.9.3 Tell a story

11.10 Personal pronouns

11.11 Contractions

11.12 Variation for variation’s sake

12 Grammar and plain English revision

12.1 Activities

12.2 Explanations and suggested solutions

Part C – Creating effective documents

13 Principles of effective writing and document design

13.1 Effective writing

13.1.4 Audience

13.1.5 Language

13.2.1 White space

13.2.2 Typefaces, sizes and styles

13.2.3 Capitals

13.2.4 Signposts

13.2.5 Tables, diagrams, graphics

14 Writing documents

14.1 Writing correspondence

14.1.1 Notes and messages

14.1.2 Writing emails

14.2 Writing for special purposes

14.2.1 Minutes of a meeting

14.2.2 Submissions

14.2.3 Presentations

14.2.4 Speeches

14.3 Writing for the public

14.3.1 Webpages

14.3.2 Media releases and articles for newspapers

14.3.3 Public information pamphlets or leaflets

14.4 Writing job applications

15 Report writing

15.1 Short reports

15.2 Structuring a report

15.3 Long reports

15.3.1 Layout of formal reports

15.3.2 Transmittal document for formal reports

16 Writing plans

About the authors

Publishing information

Effective Writing

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