Читать книгу 100 Questions (and Answers) About Research Ethics - Emily E. Anderson - Страница 12

Although research involving humans began centuries ago, the best known, most often cited ethical justification for including humans in research was first fully articulated by Hans Jonas in his seminal 1969 article, “Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting With Human Subjects.” As described by Jonas, there is an innate human curiosity that drives us to learn more about ourselves and our environment. This desire leads us to conduct research through observation and experimental techniques, not only for the sake of knowledge but also with the ultimate goal of improving the human condition and our planet. As a society, we need research with human participants to learn more about ourselves; learning more about how humans behave and interact is necessary to improve the human condition. Therefore, including humans in research is justified by the potential for the common or collective good. However, all research requires the balance of two important goals: protecting participants from exploitation and harm, and providing equal access to the direct and indirect benefits of research. Ideally, all will benefit from discoveries made by research. Research with humans poses a tension between individual welfare and the common good. Therefore, parameters must be set on research practices. Determining and articulating these limits is the focus of research ethics scholarship and the aim of professional ethics codes and federal research regulations.

More questions? See #3, #8, and #10.