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CREDITS

© The Trustees of the British Museum, Illustrations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19

Cecil Higgins Art Gallery, Bedford, Illustrations 1, 2, 3

Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, UK

Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, USA, Illustrations 1, 2, 3, 4

Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight, UK, Illustrations 1, 2, 3

Courtesy of the National Gallery of Ireland

Photo © the National Gallery of Ireland

Photo © National Museums Liverpool: Walker Art Gallery, Illustrations 1, 2

Royal Academy of Arts, London

© Salisbury & South Wiltshire Museum, Illustrations 1, 2, 3

Tate Britain, Illustrations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44

Tate Gallery

Victoria & Albert Museum, London, Illustrations 1, 2, 3

Self-Portrait, c. 1798.

Oil on canvas, 74.5 × 58.5 cm.

Turner Bequest, Tate Britain, London, U. K.

This book is a revised, expanded and updated fourth edition of Turner/The Masterworks by Eric Shanes which was first published in London in 1990.

Note to the Reader: Throughout this book Turner’s original titles have been used for his paintings and watercolours, even where the spellings of names and words in those titles may differ from modern ones, or even from each other. Similarly, all original eighteenth or nineteenth-century spellings have been given below without the addition of the word ‘sic’. Short references to literature within the text allude to full citations in the Bibliography. The abbreviation “RA” stands for either Royal Academy or Royal Academician (depending on context), “ARA” for Associate Royal Academician and “PRA” for President of the Royal Academy. “TB” denotes works in the Turner Bequest, the vast holding of the painter’s output in the collection of Tate Britain, London. Roman Numerals appearing after TB provide the Inventory numbers of sketchbooks or individual works within that bequest.