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Apocrypha Lit. “hidden” (either because special or suspect—depending on the user)

Deuterocanon Lit. “second canon”—a term devised in the sixteenth century, and used largely by Protestant reformers to distinguish documents originally composed (it was thought) in Greek and therefore not (as) authoritative as the “protocanonicals,” the sixty-six books then corresponding to the Hebrew canon finally delimited by Jews during the early centuries CE.

Gentile from the Latin Gentes (“nations”); i.e., all the nations besides Israel, non-Jews

Protocanon See “Deuterocanon,” above.

Pseudepigrapha Lit. “false ascription,” a derogatory term applied to literature which, on other grounds, was regarded as falsely attributed to an ancient worthy

Synoptic a “seeing together,” the term being applied to the first three gospels whose authors, despite their differences, are distinct from the Gospel of John in content and manner of presentation