Читать книгу Guide to Reading and Writing Japanese - Florence Sakade - Страница 10
ОглавлениеThe 1,006
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS
ICHI, ITSU, hito-, hito(tsu), one
一月 ichigatsu, January
一番 ichiban, first, best
一冊 issatsu, one (book, magazine)
✓ 5
NI, futa(tsu), two
二月 nigatsu, February
二か月 nikagetsu, two months
二回 nikai, twice
✓ 5
SAN, mi-, mit(tsu), three
三月 sangatsu, March
三人 sannin, three people
三日 mikka, three days, the third day
✓ 5
SHI, yon, yo-, yot(tsu), yo(tsu), four
四月 shigatsu, April
四日 yokka, four days, the fourth day
四十 shijū, yonjū, forty
✓ 5
✓= AP #= JLPT
GO, itsu(tsu), five
五月 gogatsu, May
五人 gonin, five people
五十 gojū, fifty
✓ 5
ROKU, mut(tsu), mu(tsu), six
六月 rokugatsu, June
六か月 rokkagetsu, six months
六十 rokujū, sixty
✓ 5
SHICHI, nana(tsu), nana, seven
七月 shichigatsu, July
七ヶ月 nanakagetsu, seven months
七十 shichijū, nanajū, seventy
✓ 5
HACHI, yat(tsu), ya(tsu), eight
八月 hachigatsu, August
八か月 hachikagetsu, eight months
八十 hachijū, eighty
✓ 5
KYŪ, KU, kokono(tsu), nine
九月 kugatsu, September
九十 kujū, kyūjū, ninety
九時 kuji, nine o’clock
✓ 5
JŪ, tō, ten
十月 jūgatsu, October
十日 tōka, ten days, the tenth day
十回 jikkai, ten times
✓ 5
HYAKU, hundred
二百 nihyaku, two hundred
三百 sanbyaku, three hundred
百貨店 hyakkaten, department store
✓ 5
SEN, chi, thousand
千円 sen’en, a thousand yen
三千 sanzen, three thousand
五千 gosen, five thousand
✓ 5
NICHI, JITSU; hi, day, sun; ~ka, suffix for counting days
日曜日 nichiyōbi, Sunday
昨日 sakujitsu, kinō, yesterday
朝日 asahi, morning sun
✓ 5
GETSU, GATSU; tsuki, month, moon
月曜日 getsuyōbi, Monday
来月 raigetsu, next month
三日月 mikazuki, new moon
✓ 5
KA; hi, fire
火曜日 kayōbi, Tuesday
火ばち hibachi, charcoal brazier
火事 kaji, fire, conflagration
✓ 5
SUI; mizu, water
大水 ō-mizu, flood, inundation
水力 suiryoku, water power
水兵 suihei, sailor
✓ 5
BOKU, MOKU; ki, tree, wood
木曜日 mokuyōbi, Thursday
材木 zaimoku, lumber
木製 mokusei, made of wood
✓ 5
KIN, KON, gold; kane, money
金曜日 kin’yōbi, Friday
お金 o-kane, money
金魚 kingyo, goldfish
✓ 5
DO, TO; tsuchi, earth, soil
土曜日 doyōbi, Saturday
土地 tochi, ground, plot of land
土人 dojin, native
✓ 5
NEN; toshi, year
六年生 rokunensei, sixth-grade pupil
年寄り toshiyori, old person
青年 seinen, youth
✓ 5
SA; hidari, left
左派 saha, leftist (political), left wing
左側 sasoku, hidarigawa, left side
左手 hidarite, left hand
✓ 5
U, YŪ; migi, right
左右 sayū, left and right
右派 uha, right wing (political)
右側 usoku, migigawa, right side
✓ 5
JŌ; ue, top, above, on; kami, upper; nobo(ru), to go up, to go toward Tōkyō; a(geru), to raise; a(garu), to rise
上流 jōryū, upstream, upper class
海上 kaijō, on the sea, maritime
川上 kawakami, upstream
✓ 5
KA, GE; shita, bottom, under, beneath; moto, base; shimo, lower; kuda(ru), to go down, to go away from Tōkyō; sa(geru), to hang (v.t.), to lower; sa(garu), to hang down; kuda(saru), to bestow
川下 kawashimo, downstream
下品 gehin, vulgar, coarse
地下鉄 chikatetsu, subway
✓ 5
DAI, TAI; ō(kii), big, large, great
大学 daigaku, university, college
大変 taihen, tremendous, serious
大広間 ō-hiroma, grand hall
✓ 5
CHŪ; naka, middle, within, inside; JŪ, throughout
中学校 chūgakkō, middle school
中心 chūshin, center, heart (of a city, etc.)
集中 shūchū, concentration
✓ 5
SHŌ; ko, o-, chii(sai), small, minor
小学校 shōgakkō, primary school
小屋 koya, hut
小説 shōsetsu, novel (fiction)
✓ 5
NYŪ; iri, entering, attendance; i(reru), to put in; hai(ru), to enter
入学 nyūgaku, entering school
輸入 yunyū, importation
入口 iriguchi, entrance
✓ 5
SHUTSU, SUI; de(ru), to come out, to go out; da(su), to put out, to take out, to bring out, to draw out
出発 shuppatsu, setting out, departure, starting
出版 shuppan, publishing
出口 deguchi, exit
✓ 5
MOKU, BOKU; me, eye; also used as an ordinal suffix
横目 yokome, side glance
目的 mokuteki, purpose
目標 mokuhyō, mark, target
✓ 4
KEN; mi(ru), to see, to look; mi(eru), to be visible, to be able to see; mi(seru), to show, to display
見事 migoto, splendid
見物 kenbutsu, sightseeing
見本 mihon, sample
✓ 5
JI; mimi, ear
早耳 hayamimi, keen of hearing
耳鳴り miminari, ringing in the ears
耳が遠い mimi ga tōi, deaf
3
ON, IN; ne, oto, sound
音楽 ongaku, music
発音 hatsuon, pronunciation
母音 boin, vowel
✓ 4
KŌ, KU; kuchi, mouth
口ひげ kuchihige, mustache
入口 iriguchi, entrance
口論 kōron, dispute
✓ 4
SHU; te, hand
握手 akushu, handshake
手袋 tebukuro, gloves
手紙 tegami, letter
✓ 4
SOKU; ashi, foot, leg; ta(riru), to be sufficient; ta(su), to add, to supplement
足跡 ashi-ato, footprint
満足 manzoku, satisfaction
不足 fusoku, insufficiency
✓ 4
RITSU, RYŪ; ta(tsu), (v.i.), to stand; ta(teru) (v.t.), to erect, to set up
独立 dokuritsu, independence
役立つ yakudatsu, useful
立場 tachiba, standpoint
✓ 4
RYOKU, RIKI; chikara, strength, power
力持 chikaramochi, strong person
協力 kyōryoku, co-operation
努力 doryoku, endeavor
✓ 4
JIN, NIN; hito, person
人類 jinrui, human race
人間 ningen, human being
人口 jinkō, population
✓ 5
SHI, SU; ko, child
子ども kodomo, child, children
原子 genshi, atom
様子 yōsu, the state of things, appearance
✓ 5
JO, NYO; me, female; onna, woman, girl
女中 jochū, maid
少女 shōjo, maiden
女王 joō, queen
✓ 5
DAN, NAN; otoko, man, male
男性 dansei, male sex, male
男子 danshi, male, boy
長男 chōnan, eldest son
✓ 5
SEN; saki, previous, ahead
先生 sensei, teacher
先日 senjitsu, the other day
行き先 yukisaki, destination
✓ 5
SEI, SHŌ, birth, life; u(mareru), to be born; u(mu), to give birth; i(kiru), to live; ki, pure, genuine; nama, raw; ha(eru), to grow, to spring up
一生 isshō, one’s (whole) life
生活 seikatsu, livelihood
大学生 daigakusei, college student
✓ 5
GAKU, learning, science; mana(bu), to learn
学校 gakkō, school
医学 igaku, medicine
科学 kagaku, science
✓ 5
KŌ, school; to correct, to investigate, to compare, to think
校正 kōsei, proofreading
校舎 kōsha, school building
校友 kōyū, alumnus
✓ 5
Ō, king
王様 ōsama, king
王子 ōji, prince
王国 ōkoku, kingdom, monarchy
3
GYOKU; tama, jewel, round object
水玉 mizutama, drop of water
目玉 medama, eyeball
宝玉 hōgyoku, gem
2
kai, sea shell
貝殻 kaigara, shell
貝拾い kaihiroi, shell gathering
真珠貝 shinjugai, pearl oyster
2
EN, circle, yen (Japanese monetary unit); maru(i), round
円満 enman, perfection, satisfaction
千円札 sen’ensatsu, thousand-yen bill
円盤 enban, disc
✓ 5
SEKI, SHAKU; aka, aka(i), red; aka(rameru) (v.t.), to color up, to add blush; aka(ramu), to turn red, to blush
赤ちゃん akachan, baby, infant
赤十字 sekijūji, Red Cross
赤銅 shakudō, alloy of copper and gold
✓ 4
SEI, SHŌ; ao, ao(i), blue, green, inexperienced
青年 seinen, youth
青白い aojiroi, pale
青空 aozora, blue sky
✓ 4
HAKU, BYAKU; shiro, shiro(i), white
白人 hakujin, Caucasian
白状 hakujō, confession
白鳥 hakuchō, swan
✓ 5
SEKI; yū, evening
夕方 yūgata, evening
夕飯 yūhan, supper
夕風 yūkaze, evening breeze
✓ 4
MEI, MYŌ, name, fame; na, name
名まえ namae, name
有名 yūmei, famous, well-known
名人 meijin, an expert
✓ 5
SŌ; haya, haya(i), early, fast
早口 haya-kuchi, quick speaking
早春 sōshun, early spring
手早い tebayai, quick, nimble
✓ 4
SŌ; kusa, grass, vegetation
草原 kusahara, sōgen, grassy plain
草案 sōan, draft (of a manuscript)
草取り kusatori, weeding
3
SAN; yama, mountain
山道 sandō, yamamichi, mountain path
山脈 sanmyaku, mountain range
登山 tozan, mountain climbing
✓ 5
SEN; kawa, river
谷川 tanigawa, mountain stream
川端 kawabata, riverside
川口 kawaguchi, mouth of a river
✓ 5
DEN; ta, rice field
田園 den’en, fields and gardens, rural districts
稲田 inada, rice field
田植 taue, rice planting
✓ 4
CHŌ; machi, town
町外れ machihazure, outskirts of a town
町内 chōnai, the neighborhood
町長 chōchō, mayor of a town
✓ 4
SON; mura, village
村民 sonmin, villager
村長 sonchō, village mayor
農村 nōson, a farm village
✓ 2
SHA; kuruma, wheel, vehicle
自動車 jidōsha, automobile
自転車 jitensha, bicycle
発車 hassha, departure of a vehicle
✓ 5
RIN; hayashi, woods
植林 shokurin, reforestation
密林 mitsurin, thick forest
農林 nōrin, agriculture and forestry
✓ 2
SHIN; mori, forest, grove
森林 shinrin, forest
森閑 shinkan, silent
森厳 shingen, solemn, awe-inspiring
✓ 2
KŪ, sora, sky; a(ku), to become empty; a(keru), to vacate; kara, emptiness
青空 aozora, blue sky
空気 kūki, air
空港 kūkō, airport
✓ 4
TEN, ame, sky, heaven
天気 tenki, weather
天井 tenjō, ceiling
天才 tensai, genius
✓ 5
KI, spirit, energy, mind; KE
天気 tenki, weather
元気 genki, good spirits, health
病気 byōki, sickness
✓ 5
U; ame, rain
大雨 ō-ame, heavy rain
雨戸 amado, rain door, shutter
梅雨 baiu, tsuyu, rainy season of early summer
✓ 5
KA; hana, flower
花屋 hanaya, flower shop, florist
花瓶 kabin, vase
花火 hanabi, fireworks
✓ 4
CHIKU; take, bamboo
竹やぶ takeyabu, bamboo grove
竹細工 takezaiku, bamboo ware
竹かご takekago, bamboo basket
2
SEKI, KOKU, SHAKU; ishi, stone
小石 ko-ishi, pebble
石炭 sekitan, coal
磁石 jishaku, magnet
✓ 3
KEN; inu, dog
小犬 ko-inu, puppy
番犬 banken, watchdog
狂犬病 kyōkenbyō, rabies
✓ 4
CHŪ; mushi, insect, bug, worm
害虫 gaichū, harmful insect
虫歯 mushiba, decayed tooth
昆虫 konchū, insect, bug
2
SHI; ito, thread
毛糸 keito, woolen yarn
糸口 itoguchi, clue
糸巻 itomaki, spool for thread
2
HON, book, suffix for counting long, slender objects; moto, basis, essence, (tree) root
一本 ippon, one (bottle, rod, etc.)
本箱 honbako, bookcase
日本 Nihon, Nippon, Japan
✓ 5
BUN, writings, a sentence; MON, old unit of money; fumi, letter, book
文化 bunka, culture
文学 bungaku, literature
文句 monku, complaint; phrase
✓ 4
JI, letter, mark; aza, section (of a village)
字引 jibiki, dictionary
文字 moji, monji, letter, character, ideograph
数字 sūji, number, numeral
✓ 4
SEI, SHŌ; tada(shii), correct, right; tada(su), to correct, to rectify; masa(ni), surely, truly
正直 shōjiki, honesty
正方形 seihōkei, square (geometrical figure)
正月 shōgatsu, New Year’s
✓ 4
KYŪ; yasu(mi), rest, vacation; yasu(mu), to rest
休憩 kyūkei, rest, intermission
休日 kyūjitsu, holiday
休養 kyūyō, relaxation, recreation
✓ 5
IN; hiki, pulling; hi(ku), to pull, to draw
福引き fukubiki, lottery
引用 in’yō, quotation, citation
引き立て hikitate, favor, patronage
✓ 3
U; hane, ha, feather, plumage; -wa, counter for birds, and rabbits
羽毛 umō, feathers, plumage
一羽 ichiwa, one (bird)
羽織 haori, haori coat
2
UN; kumo, cloud
雲状 unjō, cloudlike, nebulous
入道雲 nyūdōgumo, gigantic clouds
星雲 seiun, nebula
2
EN; sono, garden
公園 kōen, public park
花園 hanazono, flower garden
動物園 dōbutsu-en, zoo
✓ 3
EN, ON; tō(i), far, distant
遠足 ensoku, excursion, long walk
遠方 enpō, long distance
永遠 eien, eternity
✓ 3
KA; nani, what, how many (interrogative prefix)
何人 nannin, how many people?
何時間 nanjikan, how much time?
何時 nanji, what time?
✓ 5
KA, course, branch
学科 gakka, a school subject
教科書 kyōkasho, textbook
科学 kagaku, science
✓ 3
KA; natsu, summer
夏休み natsuyasumi, summer vacation
初夏 shoka, early summer
真夏 manatsu, midsummer
✓ 4
KA, KE; ie, ya, house
家主 yanushi, owner of a house, landlord
家族 kazoku, family
農家 nōka, farmhouse
✓ 4
KA; uta, song; uta(u), to sing
国歌 kokka, national anthem
歌劇 kageki, opera
歌手 kashu, singer
✓ 4
GA, a picture; KAKU, stroke of a Japanese character
図画 zuga, a drawing
映画 eiga, moving picture
計画 keikaku, plan
✓ 4
KAI, a turn; mawa(su), to turn (v.t.); mawa(ru), to turn (v.i.)
何回 nankai, how many times?
回転 kaiten, revolution, rotation
回数 kaisū, number of times, frequency
✓ 3
KAI, meeting; a(u), to meet; E
会場 kaijō, place of meeting, site
会長 kaichō, president (of a society), chairman (of a committee)
会話 kaiwa, conversation
✓ 4
KAI; umi, sea, ocean
海岸 kaigan, seacoast, seaside
海水浴 kaisuiyoku, sea bathing
海外 kaigai, overseas, abroad
✓ 4
KAI; E, picture
浮世絵 ukiyoe, Japanese print
絵葉書 ehagaki, picture postcard
挿し絵 sashie, illustration
✓ 3
GAI, GE, outside, foreign; hoka, other; soto, outside
外国 gaikoku, foreign country
外国人 gaikokujin, foreigner
外科 geka, surgery
✓ 5
KAKU, angle; tsuno, horn of an animal; kado, corner
三角 sankaku, triangle
四角 shikaku, square
角度 kakudo, angle
2
GAKU, music; RAKU, comfort, ease; tano(shii), pleasant
楽しみ tanoshimi, pleasure
音楽会 ongakukai, concert, musical
気楽 kiraku, ease, comfort
✓ 4
KATSU, energy
生活 seikatsu, life
活動 katsudō, activity
活字 katsuji, printer’s type
✓ 3
KAN, KEN; aida, interval, space; ma, interval, room, time
時間 jikan, time
二時間 nijikan, two hours
昼間 hiruma, daytime
✓ 5
GAN; maru, round (n.); maru(i), round (adj.); -maru, suffix in ship names; maru(meru), to make (something) round
丸薬 gan’yaku, pill
日の丸 hinomaru, national flag of Japan
丸太 maruta, log (of timber)
2
GAN; iwa, rock, crag
花こう岩 kakōgan, granite
岩石 ganseki, rock
岩屋 iwaya, cavern
2
GAN; kao, face
顔面 ganmen, face
顔色 kao-iro, complexion
顔付 kaotsuki, face, look, countenance
✓ 3
KI, steam, vapor
汽車 kisha, steam-driven train
汽笛 kiteki, steam whistle
汽船 kisen, steamship, steamboat
1
KI, chronicle; shiru(su), to write down
日記 nikki, diary
記念 kinen, remembrance, souvenir
記者 kisha, journalist
✓ 3
KI; kae(ru), to return, to leave
帰り道 kaerimichi, (on) one’s way back
帰化人 kikajin, naturalized person
帰国 kikoku, return to one’s native country
✓ 4
KYŪ; yumi, bow, archery
弓道 kyūdō, Japanese archery
弓弦 yumizuru, bowstring
弓状 kyūjō, arch, bow shape
1
GYŪ; ushi, cow, bull
小牛 ko-ushi, calf
牛乳 gyūnyū, milk
牛肉 gyūniku, beef
✓ 4
GYO; uo, sakana, fish
金魚 kingyo, goldfish
魚市場 uo-ichiba, fish market
魚釣り uotsuri, fishing
✓ 4
KYŌ, capital; KEI, ten quadrillion
東京 Tōkyō, capital of Japan
京都 Kyōto, ancient capital of Japan
上京 jōkyō, going to Tōkyō
✓ 4
KYŌ, GŌ; tsuyo(i), strong; tsuyo(meru) (v.t.), to reinforce, to emphasize; shi(ite), by force; shii(ru), to force, to urge
勉強 benkyō, study
強弱 kyōjaku, strength and weakness
強情 gōjō, obstinacy
✓ 4
KYŌ; oshi(eru), to teach
教室 kyōshitsu, classroom
教育 kyōiku, education
教会 kyōkai, church
✓ 4
KIN; chika(i), near
近道 chikamichi, shortcut
近所 kinjo, neighborhood
最近 saikin, recently
✓ 4
KEI, KYŌ; ani, older brother
兄弟 kyōdai, brothers (and sisters)
父兄 fukei, guardians (of pupils)
✓ 4
KEI, GYŌ; katachi, ~gata, shape, form
人形 ningyō, doll
長方形 chōhōkei, rectangle
半円形 han’enkei, semicircle
✓ 3
KEI; haka(ru), to measure; haka(rau), to arrange, to discuss
合計 gōkei, sum, total
寒暖計 kandankei, weather thermometer
体温計 taionkei, clinical thermometer
✓ 4
GEN, GAN; moto, beginning, foundation
根元 kongen, nemoto, root, origin, source
元来 ganrai, originally, primarily
元日 ganjitsu, New Year’s
✓ 4
GEN, GON, speech, statement; koto, word, speech, expression; i(u), to say
方言 hōgen, dialect
無言 mugon, silence, muteness
言葉 kotoba, word, language
✓ 4
GEN, original; hara, field, meadow
原因 gen’in, cause
高原 kōgen, plateau
草原 sōgen, kusahara, grassy plain
3
KO; to, door
戸外 kogai, outdoors
木戸 kido, gate, door
江戸 Edo, old name for Tōkyō
2
KO; furu(i), old, ancient
古代 kodai, ancient times
古今 kokon, past and present
考古学 kōkogaku, archeology
✓ 4
GO, noon
午前 gozen, morning, A.M.
午後 gogo, afternoon, P.M.
正午 shōgo, noon
✓ 5
GO, KŌ; ushi(ro), behind; nochi, after; ato, the rear, after, the remainder
食後 shokugo, after a meal
最後 saigo, last
前後 zengo, before and after, context
✓ 5
GO, word, speech; katari, narration; kata(ru), to tell, to speak
外国語 gaikokugo, foreign language
英語 eigo, English language
物語 monogatari, tale
✓ 5
KŌ, KU, worker, construction
工夫 kōfu, workman; kufū, device
工事中 kōjichū, under construction
工学 kōgaku, engineering
✓ 4
KŌ; ōyake, public
主人公 shujinkō, hero, heroine
公園 kōen, public park
公転 kōten, revolution, turning
✓ 4
KŌ; hiro(i), wide; hiro(geru), to spread (v.t.); hiro(garu), to spread (v.i.); hiro(maru), to be spread
広場 hiroba, open space, plaza
広告 kōkoku, advertisement
広大 kōdai, vast
✓ 4
KŌ; ma(jiru), to be mixed; maji(waru), to associate with; ka(wasu), to exchange
交際 kōsai, intercourse, association
交番 kōban, police box
交通 kōtsū, traffic
3
KŌ; hikari, light, ray; hika(ru), to shine
光年 kōnen, light-year
光波 kōha, light wave
観光 kankō, sightseeing
3
KŌ; kanga(e), thought, idea, opinion; kanga(eru), to think
参考 sankō, reference
考案 kōan, idea, plan, scheme
考査 kōsa, examination
✓ 4
KŌ, GYŌ, AN; i(ku), yu(ku), to go; oko(nau), to hold, to conduct
行列 gyōretsu, procession, queue
急行 kyūkō, express
銀行 ginkō, bank
✓ 5
KŌ; taka(i), high, costly; taka(maru), to rise, to be elevated; taka(meru), to lift, to boost
高等学校 kōtōgakkō, high school
最高 saikō, highest
高台 takadai, elevated land
✓ 5
KŌ, Ō; ki, yellow
黄色 ki-iro, yellow
黄金 ōgon, gold
黄熱病 ōnetsubyō, yellow fever
2
GŌ; a(u), to be together, to fit; a(waseru), to join, to combine
合図 aizu, signal, sign
都合 tsugō, circumstances, convenience
組合 kumiai, union
✓ 3
KOKU; tani, valley
谷間 tanima, valley
谷底 tanizoko, bottom of a ravine
渓谷 keikoku, gorge
2
KOKU; kuni, country
国語 kokugo, national language (Japanese)
国会 kokkai, the National Diet
全国 zenkoku, national
✓ 5
KOKU; kuro, kuro(i), black
黒人 kokujin, negro
黒板 kokuban, blackboard
暗黒 ankoku, darkness, blackness
✓ 4
KON, KIN; ima, now, the present
今月 kongetsu, this month
今度 kondo, next time
今夜 kon’ya, tonight
✓ 5
SAI, talent, suffix for counting age
十六才 jūroku-sai, sixteen years old
天才 tensai, genius
才能 sainō, talent
3
SAI; hoso(i), slender, narrow; koma(kai), minute, fine, detailed
細道 hosomichi, narrow road
細工 saiku, work, craftsmanship
細菌 saikin, bacillus, germ
2
SAKU, SA; tsuku(ru), to make
作文 sakubun, (literary) composition
名作 meisaku, masterpiece
作曲 sakkyoku, musical composition
✓ 4
SAN, reckoning
算数 sansū, arithmetic, calculation
計算 keisan, computation, figuring
予算 yosan, budget
2
SHI; to(maru), to stop (v.i.); to(meru), to bring to a stop; tome, stop
中止 chūshi, discontinuation
禁止 kinshi, prohibition
通行止 tsūkōdome, suspension of traffic
✓ 4
SHI, city; ichi, market
市役所 shiyakusho, city office
市場 ichiba, shijō, market
都市 toshi, cities
✓ 3
SHI; ya, arrow
矢印 yajirushi, arrow(-sign)
弓矢 yumiya, bow and arrow
一矢 isshi, retort, shot in return
1
SHI; ane, elder sister
姉妹 shimai, ane-imōto, sisters
姉娘 anemusume, elder daughter
姉婿 anemuko, elder sister’s husband
✓ 4
SHI; omo(u), to think, to recall
思想 shisō, thought, idea
不思議 fushigi, strange
思い出 omoide, remembrance, recollection
✓ 4
SHI; kami, paper
ボ一ル紙 bōrugami, cardboard
表紙 hyōshi, cover, binding
紙くず kamikuzu, wastepaper
✓ 4
JI; tera, temple
寺院 ji-in, Buddhist temple
山寺 yamadera, mountain temple
寺子屋 terakoya, small private school in Edo era
✓ 2
JI, SHI; mizuka(ra), self, in person
自分 jibun, self
自信 jishin, confidence
自由 jiyū, freedom
✓ 4
JI; toki, time
時々 tokidoki, sometimes
時計 tokei, watch, clock
時代 jidai, period, epoch
✓ 5
SHITSU, room; muro, storeroom, cave
教室 kyōshitsu, classroom
室内 shitsunai, indoors
温室 onshitsu, hothouse, greenhouse
✓ 4
SHA, a company; yashiro, Shintō shrine
社会 shakai, society, the world, the community
会社 kaisha, (business) company
神社 jinja, shrine
✓ 4
JAKU; yowa(i), weak; yowa(ru), to grow weak, to be perplexed; yowa(meru) (v.t.), to weaken
弱虫 yowamushi, weakling
弱音 yowane, complaints
貧弱 hinjaku, scantiness, meagerness
2
SHU; kubi, neck
首輪 kubiwa, collar (dog)
手首 tekubi, wrist
首府 shufu, capital
3
SHŪ; aki, fall, autumn
初秋 shoshū, early autumn
秋風 akikaze, autumn breeze
秋分 shūbun, autumnal equinox
✓ 4
SHŪ, week
週刊誌 shūkanshi, weekly magazine
来週 raishū, next week
今週 konshū, this week
✓ 4
SHUN; haru, spring
春風 harukaze, spring breeze
青春 seishun, springtime of life
晩春 banshun, late spring
✓ 4
SHO; ka(ku), to write
辞書 jisho, dictionary
書物 shomotsu, book, volume
教科書 kyōkasho, textbook
✓ 5
SHŌ; suko(shi), suku(nai), few, little, scarce
少年 shōnen, boy, lad
多少 tashō, more or less, somewhat
少佐 shōsa, major (army), lieutenant commander (navy)
✓ 4
JŌ; ba, place
工場 kōjō, kōba, factory
場所 basho, place
仕事場 shigotoba, place of work
✓ 4
SHOKU, SHIKI; iro, color
顔色 kao-iro, complexion
天然色 tennenshoku, natural color, technicolor
色彩 shikisai, color, hue
✓ 4
SHOKU, food; ta(beru), to eat; ku(u), to eat
食物 shokumotsu, food, edibles
食堂 shokudō, dining hall
食事 shokuji, a meal
✓ 5
SHIN; kokoro, spirit, heart, mind
心持ち kokoromochi, mood, feeling, sensation
真心 magokoro, sincerity, devotion
一心 isshin, whole-heartedness
✓ 4
SHIN; atara(shii), new; ara(tani), newly, afresh; nii-, first, new
新聞 shinbun, newspaper
新年 shinnen, the New Year
新学期 shingakki, new school term
✓ 4
SHIN; oya, parent; shita(shimu), to make friends with, to take kindly to; shita(shii), intimate, familiar
両親 ryōshin, parents
親切 shinsetsu, kindness
親類 shinrui, relative, relation
✓ 4
ZU, drawing, plan; TO; haka(ru), to devise
図画 zuga, drawing, a picture
地図 chizu, map
図書館 toshokan, library
✓ 4
SŪ; kazu, number; kazo(eru), to count
数字 sūji, figure, numeral
数学 sūgaku, mathematics
人数 ninzū, the number of people
✓ 3
SEI, SAI; nishi, west
西洋 seiyō, the West, the Occident
大西洋 Taiseiyō, Atlantic Ocean
東西 tōzai, east and west, Orient and Occident
✓ 5
SEI, SHŌ; koe, voice
泣き声 nakigoe, crying voice
音声学 onseigaku, phonetics
声帯 seitai, the vocal cords
3
SEI, JŌ; hoshi, star
星座 seiza, constellation
火星 kasei, Mars
明星 myōjō, Venus
2
SEI; ha(re), fine weather; ha(reru), to clear (weather), to be dispelled; ha(rasu), to clear away, to dispel (doubts)
秋晴れ akibare, clear autumn weather
晴れ着 haregi, one’s best clothes
晴天 seiten, fine weather
✓ 3
SETSU, SAI; ki(ru), to cut; ki(reru), to be sharp, to snap, to break, to run out, to expire
一切れ hitokire, one slice
親切 shinsetsu, kindness
一切 issai, all, everything
✓ 4
SETSU; yuki, snow
雪だるま yukidaruma, snowman
雪解け yukidoke, thaw
積雪 sekisetsu, snowdrift
✓ 3
SEN; fune, funa, boat, ship
渡し watashi-bune, ferry
船員 sen’in, sailor
汽船 kisen, steamboat, steamship
3
SEN, line, track, wire, string
地平線 chiheisen, horizon (on land)
光線 kōsen, light, beam, ray
直線 chokusen, straight line
✓ 2
ZEN; mae, before, in front of, previous
午前 gozen, morning, A.M.
前後 zengo, before and after, context
以前 izen, ago, since, before
✓ 5
SO; kumi, class, group, set; ku(mu), to join, to unite
組み立て kumitate, construction, structure
一組 hitokumi, one set, one class
番組 bangumi, program
✓ 3
SŌ; hashi(ru), to run
競走 kyōsō, race, running match
走り書き hashirigaki, hasty writing
走り去る hashirisaru, to run away
✓ 4
TA; ō(i), many, much, abundant
多数 tasū, large number
多分 tabun, perhaps
多量 taryō, great quantity
✓ 4
TAI, TA; futo(i), big, deep (voice), bold (lines), shameless; futo(ru), to grow fat
太陽 taiyō, sun
丸太 maruta, log
太平洋 Taiheiyō, Pacific Ocean
✓ 3
TAI, TEI, body; karada, the body, health
体育 tai-iku, physical education
団体 dantai, a group
車体 shatai, body of a vehicle
✓ 4
DAI, TAI; a stand
台風 taifū, typhoon
舞台 butai, stage
燈台 tōdai, lighthouse
✓ 4
CHI, JI, earth, ground
地上 chijō, on the ground
地下 chika, underground
地面 jimen, surface of the earth
✓ 4
CHI; ike, pond, lake
電池 denchi, electric cell, battery
池畔 chihan, side of a pond, around a pond
用水池 yōsuichi, reservoir
✓ 2
CHI; shi(ru), to know; shi(raseru), to inform
知識 chishiki, knowledge
知人 chijin, an acquaintance
承知 shōchi, assent, agreement
✓ 4
CHA, SA, tea, tea plant
茶色 cha-iro, light brown
茶の湯 cha-no-yu, tea ceremony
茶わん chawan, teacup, rice bowl
✓ 4
CHŪ; hiru, noon, daytime
昼間 hiruma, daytime
昼夜 chūya, day and night
昼食 chūshoku, noon meal, lunch
✓ 4
CHŌ, head of an institution or organization; naga(i), long
細長い hosonagai, long and narrow
長ぐつ nagagutsu, boots
校長 kōchō, principal of a school
✓ 5
CHŌ; tori, bird
鳥類 chōrui, birds (as a species)
小鳥 kotori, small bird
渡り鳥 wataridori, migratory bird
✓ 4
CHŌ; asa, morning
朝刊 chōkan, morning paper
朝食 chōshoku, breakfast
毎朝 mai-asa, every morning
✓ 4
CHOKU, upright, honest, cheap; JIKI, direct; tada(chini), immediately; nao(su), to repair, to put right, to convert; nao(ru), to be repaired, to change for the better
直角 chokkaku, right angle
正直 shōjiki, honesty
素直 sunao, gentle, obedient
3
TSŪ; tō(ru), to go along, to pass; tō(su), to let pass, to continue; kayo(u), to go back and forth, to commute
大通り ō-dōri, main street
通信 tsūshin, correspondence, communication
通訳 tsūyaku, interpreter
✓ 4
TEI, DAI; otōto, younger brother
兄弟 kyōdai, brothers
弟妹 teimai, younger brothers and sisters
✓ 4
TEN; mise, store
店番 miseban, tending a store
商店 shōten, store (shop)
売店 baiten, stand, stall
✓ 4
TEN, point, marks, dot
点数 tensū, merit marks
点字 tenji, braille points
決勝点 kesshōten, goal
✓ 3
DEN, lightning, electricity
電気 denki, electricity
電話 denwa, telephone
電報 denpō, telegram
✓ 5
TŌ; katana, sword
小刀 kogatana, pocketknife
大刀 daitō, long sword
軍刀 guntō, sabre
1
TŌ; fuyu, winter
冬休み fuyuyasumi, winter vacation
冬眠 tōmin, hibernation
冬期 tōki, winter season
✓ 4
TŌ; a(taru), to hit, to be equal to, to win (v.i.); a(teru), to hit, to apply, to guess (v.t.)
見当 kentō, guess
手当 teate, treatment, allowance
当然 tōzen, justly, naturally
3
TŌ; higashi, east
東側 higashigawa, east side
東洋 tōyō, the East, the Orient
北東 hokutō, northeast
✓ 5
TŌ; kota(e), answer; kota(eru), to answer
答案 tōan, examination paper
問答 mondō, questions and answers 解答 kaitō, answer, solution
✓ 4
TŌ, ZU; atama, head, top, brain; kashira, head, top, leader
先頭 sentō, leader, head
教頭 kyōtō, head teacher
頭痛 zutsū, headache
✓ 3
DŌ; ona(ji), same
同時 dōji, the same time
同情 dōjō, sympathy
一同 ichidō, all (of us, them), all the persons concerned
✓ 4
DŌ; michi, road, path
水道 suidō, waterworks
道具 dōgu, tool
鉄道 tetsudō, railroad
✓ 4
DOKU, TOKU; yo(mu), to read
読者 dokusha, reader (person)
読書 dokusho, reading
読み返す yomikaesu, to reread
✓ 5
NAI, DAI; uchi, inside, home, within, during, among, between
案内 annai, guidance, invitation
内海 uchiumi, naikai, inland sea
内容 naiyō, contents
✓ 3
NAN; minami, south
南部 nanbu, southern part
南極 Nankyoku, South Pole
西南 seinan, southwest
✓ 5
NIKU, meat, flesh
牛肉 gyūniku, beef
筋肉 kinniku, muscles
肉屋 nikuya, butcher, butcher shop
✓ 5
BA; uma, horse
馬車 basha, carriage
競馬場 keibajō, race track
3
BAI; u(ri), sale; u(ru), to sell
売り出し uridashi, opening sale, bargain sale
商売 shōbai, business
発売 hatsubai, sale
✓ 4
BAI; ka(u), to buy, to purchase
売買 baibai, purchase and sale, buying and selling
買い物 kaimono, shopping
買い手 kaite, buyer
✓ 4
BAKU; mugi, barley, wheat
麦わら mugiwara, (barley) straw
麦刈り mugikari, mowing barley
小麦 komugi, wheat
2
HAN; naka(ba), half
半分 hanbun, half
一時半 ichiji-han, one-thirty, half-past one
半島 hantō, peninsula
✓ 5
BAN, number, guard, order, (one’s) turn
番組 bangumi, program
交番 kōban, police-box
順番 junban, order, one’s turn
✓ 3
FU; chichi, father
父兄会 fukeikai, parents’ association
祖父 sofu, grandfather
父母 fubo, parents
✓ 5
FŪ; kaze, wind
風景 fūkei, scenery
台風 taifū, typhoon
南風 minamikaze, south wind
✓ 4
BUN, BU, part, share; FUN, a minute; wa(keru) (v.t.), to divide; wa(kareru), to be separated, to branch off; wa(karu), to know, to understand
自分 jibun, self
二分 nifun, two minutes
十分 jippun, ten minutes
✓ 5
BUN; ki(ku), to hear, to listen to, to ask, to obey; ki(koeru), to be heard
新聞 shinbun, newspaper
新聞社 shinbunsha, newspaper office
見聞 kenbun, information, experience
✓ 5
BEI, America, rice; MAI, rice; kome, rice
米国 Beikoku, America, the United States
米作 beisaku, rice-growing (crop)
白米 hakumai, polished rice
3
HO, BU; ayu(mu), aru(ku), to walk, to step
第一歩 dai-ippo, the first step
進歩 shinpo, progress
散歩 sanpo, a walk, a stroll
✓ 4
BO; haha, mother
母の日 Haha-no-hi, Mother’s Day
母国 bokoku, mother country
母親 haha-oya, mother
✓ 5
HŌ, direction, side; kata [gata], side, way of ~ing, person
両方 ryōhō, both sides
作り方 tsukurikata, way of making
夕方 yūgata, evening
✓ 4
HOKU; kita, north
北極 Hokkyoku, North Pole
南北 nanboku, north and south
北風 kitakaze, north wind
✓ 5
MAI, every (prefix)
毎日 mainichi, every day
毎朝 mai-asa, every morning
毎週 maishū, every week
✓ 5
MAI; imōto, younger sister
弟妹 teimai, younger brothers and sisters
姉妹 shimai, sisters
✓ 4
MAN, ten thousand; BAN
万年筆 mannenhitsu, fountain pen
万一 man’ichi, if by any chance
万国 bankoku, all countries
✓ 5
MEI, MYŌ, bright; aka(rui), light, bright; aki(raka), bright; a(keru), to dawn, to break (day); a(kasu), to disclose (a secret), to pass the night
夜明け yoake, dawn
説明 setsumei, explanation
発明 hatsumei, invention
✓ 4
MEI; na(ku), to sing (birds), to cry (animals), to howl (animals), to chirp (insects); na(ru) (v.i.), to ring, to sound; na(rasu) (v.t.), to ring (a bell), to sound (a drum), to complain, to be famous
鳴き声 nakigoe, cry (of animals)
悲鳴 himei, scream, cry of distress
鳴動 meidō, rumbling
3
MŌ; ke, hair
毛糸 keito, woolen thread, yarn
毛虫 kemushi, caterpillar
毛布 mōfu, blanket
2
MON; kado, gate
校門 kōmon, school gate
専門 senmon, specialty
門口 kadoguchi, door, entrance
✓ 2
YA; yo, yoru, evening, night
夜中 yonaka, midnight
十五夜 jūgoya, night of the full moon
今夜 kon’ya, tonight
✓ 4
YA; no, field, plain
野原 nohara, field
野球 yakyū, baseball
野外 yagai, outdoors
✓ 4
YŪ; tomo, friend
友だち tomodachi, friend
友人 yūjin, friend
友情 yūjō, friendship
✓ 5
YŌ, business; mochi(iru), to use
用意 yōi, preparation
用心 yōjin, heed, care, caution
用事 yōji, business
✓ 4
YŌ, term used for days of the week
木曜日 mokuyōbi, Thursday
土曜日 doyōbi, Saturday
水曜日 suiyōbi, Wednesday
✓ 4
RAI; ku(ru), to come; kita(ru), to arrive, next; kita(su), to cause, to induce
来年 rainen, next year
以来 irai, since, from that time
将来 shōrai, the future
✓ 5
RI, Japanese linear unit (2.44 miles); sato village, country, one’s native home (usually as viewed by a woman married into another family)
郷里 kyōri, one’s native place, home
村里 murazato, village
一里 ichiri, one ri
1
RI, reason, logic
理解 rikai, understanding
整理 seiri, arrangement, adjustment
料理 ryōri, cooking
✓ 4
WA; hanashi, story; hana(su), to speak
世話 sewa, aid
電話 denwa, telephone
会話 kaiwa, conversation
✓ 5
AKU, badness, evil; waru(i), bad, evil
悪口 warukuchi, evil talk, gossip
悪人 akunin, bad man, villain
悪路 akuro, bad road
✓ 4
AN; yasu(i), cheap, inexpensive
安心 anshin, peace of mind
安全 anzen, safe
不安 fuan, uneasiness
✓ 4
AN; kura(i), dark
真っ暗 makkura, pitch dark
暗号 angō, code, cryptograph
暗記 anki, memorization
✓ 3
I, to heal, to cure
医者 isha, physician, doctor
医学 igaku, medical science
医院 i-in, medical practitioner’s office
✓ 4
I; yuda(neru), to entrust with
委員 i-in, committee, delegate
委員長 i-inchō, chairman of a committee
委任 i-nin, charge, trust, commission
2
I, mind, heart, attention, care
注意 chūi, care, attention
意見 iken, opinion, admonition
意味 imi, meaning
✓ 4
IKU; haguku(mu), brood over (one’s chicks), soda(teru), to bring up, to educate, to raise; soda(tsu), to grow up
教育 kyōiku, education
体育 tai-iku, physical education
育児 ikuji, upbringing of a child
✓ 3
IN, member, official, personnel
満員 man’in, no vacancy, full house
一員 ichi-in, (one) member
職員 shokuin, staff, personnel
✓ 4
IN, temple, academy, board, suffix for “institution”
病院 byōin, hospital
美容院 biyōin, beauty shop
下院 ka-in, House of Representatives, Lower House
✓ 4
IN; no(mu), to drink
飲料水 inryōsui drinking water
飲み水 nomimizu, drinking water
飲み物 nomimono, drinks
✓ 4
UN, luck; hako(bu), to carry, to transport
運良く un’yoku, luckily
運動 undō, exercise, motion
運命 unmei, fate
✓ 4
EI; oyo(gu), to swim
水泳 suiei, swimming
平泳ぎ hira-oyogi, breast stroke
水泳大会 suiei taikai, swimming meet
✓ 3
EKI, station
駅前 ekimae, in front of the station
駅長 ekichō, station master
駅員 eki-in, station employee
✓ 4
Ō, center, middle
中央 chūō, center
中央線 Chūō-sen, the Chūō Line (electric railway in Tōkyō)
震央 shin’ō, the epicenter, the center of an earthquake
2
Ō; yoko, the side, the width
横書き yokogaki, writing from left to right
横断 ōdan, crossing, intersection
横顔 yokogao, side view of a person’s face, profile
✓ 3
OKU, house; ya, shop, business
屋根 yane, roof
時計屋 tokeiya, watch shop
屋上 okujō, housetop, roof
✓ 4
