Читать книгу Guide to Reading and Writing Japanese - Florence Sakade - Страница 11

ON; warm; atata(kai), warm (to the touch); atata(maru), to warm oneself; atata(meru), to heat

温度 ondo, temperature

温泉 onsen, hot spring

体温 taion, body temperature

✓ 2

KA, influence; KE; ba(keru), to take the form of; ba(kasu), to bewitch

変化 henka, change, variation, alteration

化学 kagaku, chemistry

化粧 keshō, make-up

✓ 3

KA; ni, a load, burden

荷物 nimotsu, baggage

荷船 nibune, freighter

荷作り nizukuri, packing

✓ 2

KAI, world

世界 sekai, world

世界一 sekai-ichi, best in the world

限界 genkai, boundary, limits

✓ 4

KAI; hira(ku), to open (v.t. & i.); a(keru) (v.t.), to open; hira(keru), to be civilized, to open; a(ku) (v.i.) to be open

開会 kaikai, opening a meeting

満開 mankai, full bloom

開発 kaihatsu, development, exploitation

✓ 4

KAI, story of a building, floor, grade

階段 kaidan, stairs, stairway

階級 kaikyū, class, caste

三階 sangai, 3rd floor

✓ 2

KAN, the coldest season of the year; samu(i), cold

極寒 gokkan, bitter cold

寒中 kanchū, cold season

寒流 kanryū, cold current

✓ 3

KAN, feeling, thought

感想 kansō, thoughts, impressions

感心 kanshin, admiration

感覚 kankaku, sensation

3

KAN, China; ~kan, suffix for “man”

漢字 kanji, Chinese character

漢文 kanbun, Chinese composition

悪漢 akkan, villain, crook

✓ 4

KAN, building, hall; yakata, mansion

図書館 toshokan, library

映画館 eigakan, movie theater

旅館 ryokan, inn, hotel

✓ 4

GAN; kishi, bank, shore

海岸 kaigan, seashore

岸壁 ganpeki, quay, wharf

川岸 kawagishi, riverbank

2

KI; o(kiru), to rise, to get up; o(kosu), to raise, to awaken (v.t.); o(koru), to occur, to develop

早起き hayaoki, early rising

起原 kigen, origin

起重機 kijūki, crane, derrick

✓ 4

KI, GO, period, term

学期 gakki, school term

期待 kitai, expectation

時期 jiki, the times, season

✓ 3

KYAKU, KAKU, guest, visitor, customer

お客さん o-kyaku-san, guest

客車 kyakusha, railroad passenger car

客船 kyakusen, passenger boat

3

KYŪ, study; kiwa(meru), to study thoroughly

研究 kenkyū, research

研究会 kenkyūkai, research society

研究家 kenkyūka, researcher

✓ 4

KYŪ; iso(gu), to hurry

急病 kyūbyō, sudden illness

急行 kyūkō, express

大急ぎ ō-isogi, great haste

✓ 4

KYŪ, rank, grade

学級 gakkyū, school class

上級 jōkyū, high class

同級生 dōkyūsei, classmate

1

KYŪ, GŪ, KU; miya, shrine, prince (of the blood)

宮殿 kyūden, palace

神宮 jingū, Shintō shrine

宮様 miya-sama, royal prince

1

KYŪ, sphere, globe; tama, ball

野球 yakyū, baseball

地球 chikyū, the earth, the globe

電球 denkyū, electric light bulb

3

KYO, KO, past; sa(ru), to leave, to depart

去年 kyonen, last year

過去 kako, the past, past tense

✓ 4

KYŌ; hashi, bridge

桟橋 sanbashi, pier

土橋 dobashi, earthen bridge

鉄橋 tekkyō, iron bridge

✓ 2

GYŌ, occupation, business, industry, studies; GŌ, karma; waza, act, deed

職業 shokugyō, occupation, profession

産業 sangyō, industry

工業 kōgyō, industry, manufacturing industry

✓ 4

KYOKU, melody; ma(garu), to bend, to twist, to turn, (v.i.); ma(geru), to bend, to twist, to turn (v.t.)

曲線 kyokusen, curved line

作曲 sakkyoku, musical composition

曲がり道 magarimichi, crooked road, winding lane

3

KYOKU, bureau, board, office, department

放送局 hōsōkyoku, broadcasting station

編集局 henshūkyoku, editorial department

郵便局 yūbinkyoku, post office

✓ 3

GIN, silver

銀行 ginkō, bank

銀色 gin’iro, silver color

銀貨 ginka, silver coin

4

KU, ward, section

区別 kubetsu, distinction, classification

地区 chiku, area

区画 kukaku, boundary, block, division

2

KU, pain, anxiety; kuru(shii), painful; niga(i), bitter

苦労 kurō, troubles, toil

苦心 kushin, pains, hard work

苦戦 kusen, hard fighting

3

GU, tool, utensil; ingredients

道具 dōgu, tool, utensil, instrument

具合 guai, condition, state

具体的 gutaiteki, concrete, definite

3

KUN, Mister, Master; kimi, you (familiar form)

佐藤君 Satō-kun, Mr. Satō

貴君 kikun, you (lit., masc.)

諸君 shokun, gentlemen, ladies and gentlemen, you

3

KEI; kakari, charge, duty, in charge (of); kaka(ru), to affect, to concern

係員 kakari-in, clerk in charge

関係 kankei, relation, connection, participation, implication

記録係 kirokugakari, person in charge of records, recorder

✓ 3

KEI; karu, karu(i), light (in weight), slight, easy; karo(yaka), airy, light

軽卒 keisotsu, rashness, hastiness

軽音楽 kei-ongaku, light music

気軽 kigaru, light-hearted

✓ 2

KETSU; chi, blood

血液 ketsueki, blood

出血 shukketsu, bleeding, hemorrhage

血管 kekkan, blood vessel

2

KETSU; ki(maru), to be decided; ki(meru), to decide

決心 kesshin, making up one’s mind

決定 kettei, decision

解決 kaiketsu, solution

✓ 3

KEN, study; to(gu), to sharpen, to wash (rice)

研究 kenkyū, study, research

研究室 kenkyūshitsu, laboratory

研究所 kenkyūjo, research institute

4

KEN, prefecture

県道 kendō, prefectural road

県庁 kenchō, prefectural office

県知事 kenchiji, prefectural governor

2

KO, warehouse

書庫 shoko, library

倉庫 sōko, warehouse

冷蔵庫 reizōko, icebox, refrigerator

2

KO; mizu-umi, lake

湖水 kosui, lake

湖岸 kogan, shore of a lake

湖畔 kohan, border of a lake

2

KŌ; mu(ku), to turn toward, to be suited for; mu(kau), to face, to head for; mu(kō), the opposite side, beyond

向こう mukō, opposite

向こう側 mukōgawa, opposite side

方向 hōkō, direction, course

✓ 3

KŌ; saiwa(i), blessings, good luck, happiness, fortune; sachi, happiness, luck; shiawa(se), happiness, good fortune

不幸 fukō, unhappiness, misfortune

幸福 kōfuku, happiness

幸運 kōun, good fortune

3

KŌ; minato, harbor

港町 minatomachi, port town

入港 nyūkō, entry into port

空港 kūkō, airport

✓ 3

GŌ, number, issue (of a magazine)

番号 bangō, number

記号 kigō, symbol

信号 shingō, signal, code

✓ 3

KON, root (math.), perseverance; ne, root

根気 konki, patience, perseverance

大根 daikon, giant white radish

根本 konpon, basis

2

SAI; matsu(ri), festival; matsu(ru), to deify, to worship as a god, to offer prayers for the sake of

村祭り muramatsuri, village festival

祭日 saijitsu, national holiday

文化祭 bunkasai, cultural festival

✓ 2

sara, plate, dish, bowl

皿洗い sara-arai, dishwashing

皿洗い機 sara-araiki, dishwasher

灰皿 haizara, ashtray

2

SHI, JI, work; tsuka(eru), to serve

仕事 shigoto, work

給仕 kyūji, office boy, waiter

仕方 shikata, way of doing

✓ 4

SHI, death; shi(nu), to die

死体 shitai, corpse

死傷者 shishōsha, dead and injured, casualties

必死 hisshi, certain death, desperation

4

SHI; tsuka(u), to use

使い tsukai, errand, messenger

使命 shimei, mission, errand

使用 shiyō, use

✓ 4

SHI; haji(maru), to begin (v.i.); haji(meru), to begin (v.t.)

開始 kaishi, commencement, start

始末 shimatsu, circumstances, the particulars; management

始業 shigyō, beginning of work or class

✓ 4

SHI; yubi, finger; sa(su), to point at, to indicate

親指 oyayubi, thumb

指輪 yubiwa, ring

指揮者 shikisha, conductor, commander

✓ 3

SHI; ha, tooth

虫歯 mushiba, decayed tooth

歯医者 ha-isha, dentist

歯車 haguruma, gear, cogwheel

3

SHI, poetry, poem

詩人 shijin, poet

詩集 shishū, anthology of poetry

叙事詩 jojishi, epic poem

1

JI, SHI; tsugi, next; tsu(gu), to rank next to

次第 shidai, order, reason, as soon as

次官 jikan, vice-minister

目次 mokuji, table of contents

✓ 3

JI; koto, thing, action, affair, fact

仕事 shigoto, work

用事 yōji, business

大事 daiji, great matter, serious affair, importance

✓ 4

JI; mo(chi), durability; mo(tsu), to have, to hold

気持 kimochi, feeling

持参 jisan, bringing

支持 shiji, support

✓ 4

SHIKI, ceremony, form, model; ~shiki, ~-style (suffix for “style”, “type”)

式場 shikijō, ceremonial hall

卒業式 sotsugyō-shiki, graduation ceremony, commencement

旧式 kyūshiki, old-style

✓ 3

JITSU, reality; mi, nut, fruit; mino(ru), to bear fruit

実際 jissai, actual state, reality

真実 shinjitsu, truth

果実 kajitsu, fruit

✓ 3

SHA; utsu(su), to copy, to imitate, to take (a photograph); utsu(ru), to be photographed, to be projected

写真 shashin, photograph

写生 shasei, sketch, drawing from nature

映写 eisha, projection

✓ 4

SHA; mono, person

若者 wakamono, young man

医者 isha, doctor

学者 gakusha, scholar

✓ 4

SHU, SU; nushi, master, owner; omo, main, foremost

主人 shujin, master

民主主義 minshushugi, democracy

持主 mochinushi, owner

✓ 4

SHU, SU; mamo(ru), to protect, to guard, to defend, to obey (the law), to keep (a promise); mori, mo(ri), nursemaid, baby-sitter

お守り o-mamori, amulet, charm

留守 rusu, absence

保守 hoshu, conservatism

3

SHU; to(ru), to take

取り出す toridasu, to take out

取材 shuzai, choice of subject

取扱い toriatsukai, treatment, handling

✓ 3

SHU; saka-, sake, rice wine, liquor

ぶどう酒 budōshu, wine

酒飲み sakenomi, drinker

酒屋 sakaya, liquor shop

✓ 3

JU; u(keru), to receive; u(karu), to pass (an exam)

受持 ukemochi, charge, matter in hand

受付 uketsuke, receptionist, information desk

受話機 juwaki, telephone receiver

✓ 3

SHŪ, province, state (U.S.A.); su, shallows, a sandbank

本州 Honshū (main island of Japan)

九州 Kyūshū (Japan’s third largest island)

ユタ州 Yuta-shū, State of Utah

✓ 2

SHŪ; JŪ, ten (used in legal documents); hiro(u), to pick up

拾い物 hiroimono, something picked up, windfall, bargain

命拾い inochibiroi, narrow escape (from death)

拾弐円 jūni-en, 12 yen

2

SHŪ; o(wari), end; o(waru), to come to an end; o(eru), to finish

終戦 shūsen, end of a war

終業 shūgyō, end of work

最終 saishū, the last

✓ 4

SHŪ; nara(u), to learn, to study

練習 renshū, practice

習字 shūji, penmanship

習慣 shūkan, habit, custom

✓ 4

SHŪ; atsu(meru), to collect (v.t.); atsu(maru), to gather together (v.i.); tsudo(u), to meet, to gather

編集 henshū, editing

詩集 shishū, anthology of poems

文集 bunshū, literary anthology

✓ 4

JŪ, dwelling; su(mu), to dwell, to live; su(mai), dwelling

住所 jūsho, address

衣食住 i-shoku-jū, necessities of life (clothing, food, shelter)

住宅 jūtaku, dwelling, living quarters

✓ 4

JŪ, CHŌ; omo(i), heavy; kasa(neru), to pile (things) up; kasa(naru), to be piled up; ~e, ~fold

体重 taijū, weight (of the body)

厳重 genjū, strictness

二重 futae, nijū, duplicate, double, twofold

✓ 4

SHUKU; yado, inn; yado(ru), to lodge at; yado(su), to provide shelter

宿屋 yadoya, inn

宿題 shukudai, homework

下宿 geshuku, boardinghouse

✓ 3

SHO; tokoro, place

台所 daidokoro, kitchen

場所 basho, place

近所 kinjo, neighborhood

✓ 3

SHO; atsu(i), hot