Читать книгу The Inhabitants of the Philippines - Frederic H. Sawyer - Страница 15

Provinces.	Males.	Females.	Total.
Abra	21,631	21,016	42,647
Albay	127,413	130,120	257,533
Antique	60,193	63,910	124,103
Balábac	1,912	27	1,939
Bataán	25,603	24,396	49,999
Batangas	137,143	137,932	275,075
Benguet (district)	8,206	12,104	20,310
Bohol	109,472	117,074	226,546
Bontoc	40,515	41,914	82,429
Bulacán	127,455	124,694	252,149
Burías	84	44	128
Cagayán	37,157	35,540	72,697
Calamianes	8,227	8,814	17,041
Camarines Norte	15,931	14,730	30,661
Camarines Sur	78,545	77,852	156,400
Cápiz	114,827	128,417	243,244
Cavite	66,523	65,541	132,064
Cebú	201,066	202,230	403,296
Corregidor (island of)	216	203	419
Cottabato	788	494	1,282
Dávao	983	712	1,695
Ilocos Norte	76,913	79,802	156,715
Ilocos Sur	97,916	103,133	201,049
Ilo-Ilo	203,879	206,551	410,430
Infanta (district)	4,947	4,947	9,894
Isabela de Basilan	454	338	792
Isabela de Luzon	20,251	18,365	38,616
Islas Batanes	4,004	4,741	8,745
Isla de Negros	106,851	97,818	204,669
Laguna	66,332	66,172	132,504
Lepanto	8,255	16,219	24,474
Leyte	113,275	107,240	220,515
Manila	137,280	120,994	258,274
Masbate and Ticao	8,835	8,336	17,171
Mindoro	29,220	28,908	58,128
Misamis	46,020	42,356	88,376
Mórong	21,506	21,556	43,062
Nueva Ecija	63,456	60,315	123,771
Nueva Vizcaya	8,495	7,612	16,107
Pampanga	114,425	111,884	226,309
Pangasinán	149,141	144,150	293,291
Principe (district)	2,085	2,073	4,158
Puerto Princesa	350	228	578
Romblón	14,528	13,626	28,154
Samar	92,330	86,560	178,890
Surigao	28,371	27,875	56,246
Tarlac	42,432	40,325	82,757
Tayabas	27,886	25,782	53,668
Unión	55,802	57,568	113,370
Zambales	49,617	44,934	94,551
Zamboanga	7,683	6,461	14,144
	2,794,876	2,762,743	5,557,619

The above figures are taken from the official census of 1877.

This is the latest I have been able to find.

In the Appendix is given an estimate of the population in 1890, the author puts the number at 8,000,000, and at this date there may well be 9,000,000 inhabitants in the Philippines and Sulus.

It will be seen that these provinces are of very different extent, and vary still more in population, for some have only a few hundred inhabitants, whilst others, for instance, Cebú and Ilo-Ilo have half-a-million.

Each province was under a Governor, either civil or military. Those provinces which were entirely pacified had Civil Governors, whilst those more liable to disturbance or attack from independent tribes or from the Moors had Military Governors. Up to 1886 the pacified provinces were governed by Alcaldes-Mayores, who were both governors and judges. An appeal from their decisions could be made to the Audiencia or High Court at Manila.

From the earliest times of their appointment, the Alcaldes were allowed to trade. Some appointments carried the right to trade, but most of the Alcaldes had to covenant to forego a large proportion of their very modest stipends in order to obtain this privilege. By trade and by the fees and squeezes of their law courts they usually managed to amass fortunes. In 1844 the Alcaldes were finally prohibited from trading.

This was a rude system of government, but it was cheap, and a populous province might only have to maintain half-a-dozen Spaniards.

Each town has its municipality consisting of twelve principales, all natives, six are chosen from those who have already been Gobernadorcillos. They are called past-captains, and correspond to aldermen who have passed the chair. The other six are chosen from amongst the Barangay headmen. From these twelve are elected all the officials, the Gobernadorcillo or Capitan, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lieutenants, the alguaciles (constables), the judges of the fields, of cattle, and of police. The Capitan appoints and pays the directorcillo or town clerk, who attends to the routine business.

For the maintenance of order, and for protecting the town against attack, there is a body of local police called Cuadrilleros. These are armed with bolos and lances in the smaller and poorer towns, but in more important places they have fire-arms usually of obsolete pattern. But in towns exposed to Moro attack the cuadrilleros are more numerous, and carry Remington rifles.

The Gobernadorcillos of towns were directly responsible to the governor of the province, the governor in case of emergency reported direct to the Governor-General, but for routine business through the Director-General of Civil Administration, which embraced the departments of Public Works, Inspection of Mines and Forests, Public Instruction, Model Farms, etc.

The collection of taxes was under the governors of provinces assisted by delegates of the Intendant-General. It was directly effected by the Barangay headman each of whom was supposed to answer for fifty families, the individuals of which were spoken of as his sácopes. His eldest son was recognised as his chief assistant, and he, like his father, was exempt from the tribute or capitation tax.

The office was hereditary, and was not usually desired, but like the post of sheriff in an English county it had to be accepted nolens volens.

No doubt a great deal of latitude was allowed to the Barangay Chiefs in order that they might collect the tax, and the stick was often in requisition. In fact the chiefs had to pay the tax somehow, and it is not surprising that they took steps to oblige their sácopes to pay.

I, however, in my fourteen years’ experience, never came across such a case as that mentioned by Worcester, p. 295, where he states that in consequence of a deficiency of $7000, forty-four headmen of Siquijor were seized and exiled, their lands, houses and cattle confiscated, and those dependent on them left to shift for themselves. The amount owing by each headman was under $160 Mexican, equal to $80 gold, and it would not take much in the way of lands, houses, and cattle to pay off this sum. However, it is true that Siquijor is a poor island. But on page 284 he maintains that the inhabitants of Siquijor had plenty of money to back their fighting-cocks, and paid but little attention to the rule limiting each man’s bet on one fight to $50. From this we may infer that they could find money to bet with, but not to pay their taxes.