Читать книгу Democracy and Development. Importance of liberal approaches for development of State - Galina Kupriyeva - Страница 3

Political Liberalism (Democracy) and Economic Liberalism (Free Market) take their roots in the mid 19^th century. They followed, along with Mercantilism, the collapse of feudalism system and started in Europe, notably, in Great Britain, with the first wave of Democratization in 1828, according to S.Huntington, (yet Robert Dahl define beginning of democracy as 1776 when the American Revolution took place). Politically, Democracy started after 1870 because of profound restrictions of suffrage and, at first, Democracy was resisted by elites and was limited by the poor development of state. Afterwards, Democratization had rapid spread into the Western Europe, US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. However, some may claim that for small countries of Asia, Latin America and Africa the democratic model is not acceptable because of distinct features belonging to these states such as culture, religion etc. But, we can see, that in countries where authoritarianism was established, notably Portugal, Greece, Spain, as well as some countries of Latin America, the system of centralized planning had not survived. Those lasted for twenty, thirty or forty years but then were swept by new wave of democratization and gone. “People get tired, fed up and want something new; that is what happened to many of these authoritarians”1. Nowadays, with the failure of ISI model in Latin America and Turkey, as well as with disintegration of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the world experiences new wave of democratization and return to Liberal approach in politics and economics. The aim of this essay is to discover how liberal approach in politics and economy is better for development than other non-democratic regimes. The first part of this essay is theoretical framework that includes view of different scholars who advocate neoclassical approach. Second part addresses to main definitions and concepts used in the essay. Third part shows the process of transitions to democracy in different parts of the world, and also, different outcomes of democratization process (or different types of democracy)