Читать книгу Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding - George Acquaah - Страница 26

Processed foods are a major item in the world food supply system. Quality requirements for fresh produce meant for the table are different from those used in the food processing industry. For example, there are table grapes and grapes bred for wine production. One of the reasons why the first genetically modified (GM) crop (produced by using genetic engineering tools to incorporate foreign DNA) approved for food, the “FlavrSavr™” tomato, did not succeed was because the product was marketed as a table or fresh tomato, when in fact the gene of interest was placed in a genetic background for developing a processing tomato variety. Other factors contributed to the demise of this historic product. Different markets have different needs that plant breeders can address in their undertakings. For example, potato is a versatile crop used for food and industrial products. Different varieties are bred for baking, cooking, fries (frozen), chipping, and starch. These cultivars differ in size, specific gravity, and sugar content, among other properties. High sugar content is undesirable for frying or chipping because the sugar caramelizes under high heat to produce undesirable browning of fries and chips.