Читать книгу Essentials of Sociology - George Ritzer - Страница 128

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The map shows the extent of laws enforced by different states of the United States against cell phone use and texting while driving as of 2018.

A legend below the map has five categories. The states that fall under these categories are:

 Handheld phone use ban for all drivers: California, Nevada, Arizona, Oregon, Washington, Minnesota, Illinois, Georgia, West Virginia, New York, DC, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Hawaii

 Primary enforcement of texting ban for all drivers: Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, North Dakota, Alaska, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maine, Rhode Island, Massachusetts

 Secondary enforcement of texting ban for all drivers: South Dakota, Nebraska, Ohio and Florida

 Texting ban for novice/beginner drivers: None

 No texting ban in the state: Montana

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A map of the world illustrates how major languages are distributed. The legend lists 11 major languages namely; Arabic, Chinese dialects, English, French, German, Hindi, Portuguese, Russian and other Slavic, Spanish, Turkic and Others.

The data for the map has been collated from Data from Languages of the World, One World, Nations Online Project.

Major nations that the languages are spoken in are mentioned below:

 Arabic: Arabian Peninsula nations such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yemen, Syria; North African nations of Algeria, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and Morocco

 Chinese dialects: China

 English: South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Nigeria, Zambia and Kenya in Africa; Australia; United States and Canada in North America; United Kingdom

 French: Congo, Mali, Niger, Ivory Coast and Guinea in Africa; France; French Guiana in South America

 German: Germany; Austria, and Switzerland

 Hindi: India, Pakistan

 Portuguese: Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Mozambique

 Russian and other Slavic: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Serbia, Czech Republic, Bosnia, and Slovakia

 Spanish: Mexico, Central American states such as Panama, EL Salvador, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Cuba, Costa Rica; South American countries including Venezuela, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Chile and Argentina

 Turkic: Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan

 Others: South East Asian states like Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines; Iran, Afghanistan; Nordic states of Sweden, Norway and Denmark; Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria, Italy, Greece, Denmark, and Netherlands in Europe

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In the graph, bars represent the region of birth for U.S. immigrants across the period 1960 to 2016. The sum of the different percentages of birth regions totals 100 percent.

The X axis denotes the years namely; 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2016.

The Y axis represents the share of total immigrant population and ranges from 0 to 100 percent.

The legend mentions six regions of birth which are; Asia, Africa, Americas, Europe and Oceania as well as an option of Not reported.

Details of the graph are mentioned below;

 1960Asia: 5 percentEurope: 75 percentAmericas: 20 percent

 1970Europe: 60 percentAsia: 9 percentAmericas: 25 percentAfrica: 1 percentNot reported: 5 percent

 1980Europe: 38 percentAsia: 20 percentAmericas: 35 percentAfrica:2 percentNot reported: 5 percent

 1990Europe: 22 percentAsia: 25 percentAmericas: 45 percentAfrica: 2 percentNot reported: 6 percent

 2000Europe: 17 percentAsia: 25 percentAmericas: 54 percentAfrica: 4 percent

 2010Europe: 12 percentAsia: 28 percentAmericas: 55 percentAfrica: 5 percent

 2016Europe: 11 percentAsia: 30 percentAmericas: 54 percentAfrica: 5 percent

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The image is a map of the United States that displays the percentage of U.S. population speaking a language other than English at home in 2016.

The legend beside the map shows the percent by Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Area. There are 4 categories; 47.5 percent or more, 23.6 percent to 47.4 percent, 9.7 percent to 23.5 percent and Less than 9.7 percent.

A few states on the west show a large segment of population that speaks a different language. States on the east have very small segments of population that speak a different language. The details are below:

 47.5 percent or more: Counties in California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and Florida

 23.6 percent to 47.4 percent: Counties in California, Arizona, Texas, New Jersey, Illinois, Indiana, Florida, Georgia, D.C, New Mexico, Hawaii and Washington

 9.7 percent to 23.5 percent: Counties in California, Nevada, Utah, Idaho, Colorado, Oregon, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Florida, Georgia, Michigan and Washington

 Less than 9.7 percent: Counties in Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Arkansas, Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, New York, Pennsylvania, and Mississippi.