Читать книгу Essentials of Sociology - George Ritzer - Страница 159

While every instance of interaction may seem isolated and independent of others, each is part of what Erving Goffman (2000) called the interaction order (Rawls 2015). This is a social domain that is organized and orderly. The order is created informally and governed by those involved in the interaction rather than by some formal structure, such as a bureaucracy and its constraints (Fine 2012). One example of an interaction order is a group of students who form a clique and develop their own norms to govern their interaction. In this thinking, Goffman was following Simmel’s view that society is based, in a real sense, on interaction. In many ways, society is interaction.

The interaction order can be seen in many settings and contexts. One example is the 2016 shooting of police officers in Dallas by a lone sniper, which killed five officers. Before the shooting, an orderly demonstration against police brutality was taking place, but the shooting destroyed this interaction order and replaced it with fear and confusion. Some sociologists have suggested that human interaction with animals is another area in which we can observe the interaction order (Jerolmack 2009, 2013).