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The ANSI/ASSP Z690 Risk Management Standards are the US national standards for applying risk management for occupational safety and health. They are the US adoption of the ISO 31000 Risk Management Standards.

The three ANSI Standards that constitute a set should be of interest to safety generalists who want to become familiar with risk assessment techniques. The ASSP is the secretariat. Comments on the three standards follow:

ANSI/ASSP Z690.1 – 2011: Vocabulary for Risk Management (National Adoption of ISO Guide 73:2009). This standard provides definitions of terms that, the originators hope, will be used in other standards.

ANSI/ASSP Z690.2 – 2011: Risk Management Principles and Guidelines (National Adoption of ISO 31,000:2009). The intent of this standard is to provide a broad‐range primer on risk management systems that could be applied in any type of organization. The requirement for risk assessments is introduced in Section 5.4: Risk Assessment.

ANSI/ASSP Z 690.3 – 2011: Risk Assessment Techniques (National Adoption of IEC/ISO 31,010:2009). For safety generalists who want a ready reference on risk assessment concepts and methods, this standard is worth acquiring. It commences with a 15‐page dissertation on risk assessment concepts and methods. Appendix A, in five pages, provides brief comparisons of 31 risk assessment techniques. Comments on the 31 techniques, covering Overview, Use, Inputs, Process, Strengths, and Limitations, are provided in Annex B which covers 79 pages.

ANSI/ASSP Z 690.3 – 2011, particularly, is a valuable resource. A list of the 31 risk assessment techniques follows. Some could be applied only by experienced safety professionals who had knowledge of system safety concepts and techniques. Other techniques would be used by probabilistic specialists. However, having knowledge of a few of them will serve for a huge percentage of the needs of a safety generalist.

B01	Brainstorming	B02	Structured or Semi‐Structured Interviews
B03	Delphi	B04	Checklists
B05	Preliminary Hazard Analysis	B06	Hazard and Operability Studies
B07	Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points	B08	Environmental Risk Assessment
B09	Structure – What if Analysis	B10	Scenario Analysis
B11	Business Impact Analysis	B12	Root Cause Analysis
B13	Failure Mode Effect Analysis	B14	Fault Tree Analysis
B15	Event Tree Analysis	B16	Cause and Consequence Analysis
B17	Cause‐and‐Effect Analysis	B18	Layer Protection Analysis
B19	Decision Tree	B20	Human Reliability Analysis
B21	Bow Tie Analysis	B22	Reliability Centered Maintenance
B23	Sneak Circuit Analysis	B24	Markov Analysis
B25	Monte Carlo Simulation	B26	Bayesian Statistics and Bayes Nets
B27	FN Curves	B28	Risk Indices
B29	Consequence/Probability Matrix	B30	Cost Benefit Analysis
B31	Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis

In the Z590.3 standard, this statement is made (p. 23). “As a practical matter, having knowledge of three risk assessment concepts will be sufficient to address most, but not all risk assessment situations” (that safety professions will face). They are Preliminary Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment; the What‐If/Checklist Analysis Methods; and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis.