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1 1 See Broecker (1975).

2 2 See Revelle et al. (1965). This report is often billed as the first ever report to a president on climate change. In fact, John F. Kennedy, too, received a (brief) climate change warning, and so has every president since (Hulac, 2018).

3 3 Budyko’s proposal first appeared in Russian (Budyko, 1974), subsequently translated into English (Budyko, 1977). See Caldeira and Bala (2017) for a brief history of the idea. Morton (2015) reviews the history in depth.

4 4 See National Research Council (1992).

5 5 See Crutzen (2006).

6 6 See Navarro et al. (2016).

7 7 See Cicerone (2006).

8 8 The clothing example is imperfect for another reason. The additional heat absorbed by black outerwear is typically lost before it reaches the skin. See Shkolnik et al.’s (1980) aptly named Nature study: “Why do Bedouins wear black robes in hot deserts?”

9 9 See e.g. Ocko et al. (2017).

10 10 See The Economist (2008).

11 11 See e.g. Goodell (2017).

12 12 Keith (2000) first mentions the three core characteristics. Keith, Parson, and Morgan (2010) first mentions the exact phrase: “fast, cheap, and imperfect.” Parson and Ernst (2013) explores its governance implications, Moreno-Cruz, Wagner, and Keith (2018) its formal economic implications, and Mahajan, Tingley, and Wagner (2019) U.S. public opinion of these characteristics.

13 13 See table 2 in Smith and Wagner (2018). Also see Smith (2020) as well as Lockley, MacMartin, and Hunt (2020).

14 14 See Gingrich (2008).

15 15 See Baker and Wagner (2016), and Moreno-Cruz, Wagner, and Keith (2018) for a formal exploration.