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Introduction

What Is Krav Maga?

Krav Maga, meaning “Contact Combat,” is a method of fighting taught to soldiers and military personnel by the IDF (Israeli Defense Forces). It is a proven method of self-defense that has been tested to be effective in one of the toughest and most hostile environments on the planet: Israel and the Middle East.

Using natural reflexive actions to deal with threats and attacks, Krav Maga works with the way your body will naturally respond when subjected to the high stress and elevated emotions that are part of a violent confrontation. The training is based on what you will do when assaulted, not what you think you will do, or would think you should do. Techniques and solutions that deal with one problem/attack are reused to deal with others, thus reducing the total number of techniques that need to be learned and trained.

Krav Maga techniques are simple, brutal, and no-nonsense, with no regard to aesthetics. They are 100 percent utilitarian in nature and are designed to be performed effectively in any emotional state—whether you are tired, surprised, or stressed, etc. Krav Maga never assumes a state of preparedness (there are even training stances that reflect this lack of readiness).

It doesn’t matter if you are standing, sitting down, laying down or in any other physical position—Krav Maga teaches you to fight from where you are, not where you would ideally want to be. It teaches defensive tactics against both unarmed and armed assailants, as well as against multiple attackers. No possible scenario is ever excluded or discounted when training solutions to violence—if it can happen, it’s trained.

Krav Maga teaches a “survival” mindset of never giving up, however insurmountable the odds against you may seem. In the IDF, the system has one goal: To get a new recruit combat-ready, both emotionally and physically, in the shortest possible time.

Krav Maga is constantly evolving, simplifying, and improving techniques, developing and evolving new ones, and making others redundant and obsolete. This makes it the most up to date and relevant system of self-defense available.

Based on systematic concepts and principles, Krav Maga teaches the practitioner how to think, understand, and assess a situation dynamically, and to choose existing techniques to deal with a problem, or create “new” solutions as necessary. It is not just about learning and memorizing techniques, but empowering the individual to act as the situation dictates. This makes Krav Maga a realistic system of self-defense that can be used by civilians, law enforcement officials, and military personnel to deal with any potential threat, attack, or violent situation in which they may find themselves.

Krav Maga Yashir

Krav Maga is an umbrella term that is used to refer to a variety of fighting systems that adhere to the concepts and principles first laid out by Imi Lichtenfeld in the 1940s. Krav Maga systems are not so much defined by their techniques (as different units within the IDF may have different responsibilities and remits) as by the principles upon which these techniques are founded. This means that while different Krav Maga systems may share similar techniques, they may also include significantly different ones—and also teach different solutions to the same situation, depending on various situational factors.

Krav Maga Yashir (Yashir meaning “direct” or “straight” in Hebrew) is a system of fighting and self-defense based on the blueprint that Imi Lichtenfeld first laid down in the 1930s and 1940s. It operates according to the five basic principles that are shared by all Krav Maga systems:

• Attack should be as close to defense as possible.

• Make yourself safe before attacking.

• Movements should be instinctive and reflexive.

• Attacks should focus on vulnerable target areas, e.g., eyes, throat, groin, etc.

• Use the environment to assist in your defense/attack.

These common Krav Maga principles are the foundation of certain distinct concepts that are used within the Krav Maga Yashir system (and that will be referred back to and elaborated throughout the book):

• Action is Preferable to Reaction

• Disrupt, Damage, Destroy, and Disengage

• Every Defense is an Attack

• Control the Environment, not the Individual

• Assume the Assailant is Armed, Assisted, and Able

Action is always preferable to reaction—it is always preferable to be the assailant rather than the victim. If violence is inevitable, then it is better to be the person initiating the assault rather than receiving it (when first hit, most people will crumble emotionally—you want this to be your assailant rather than yourself). If you miss, or are denied, the opportunity to make a preemptive assault, and are therefore assaulted, your first step must be to disrupt your assailant’s initial attack, preventing them the opportunity to follow it up. You must next look to inflict damage on them before destroying them and/or disengaging. No movement you make should ever be seen as purely defensive. If you have to block an assailant’s strike, your block should be looked on as an offensive response that can cause pain or damage to your attacker. This could act as a disruption to their attack, giving you the opening to launch your own damaging strikes—attack should be as close to defense as possible.

Aggressive and violent confrontations don’t happen in a vacuum, they happen in an environment that has objects in it that you can use, both as weapons and as barriers. The environment will also contain objects that can be used against you, and possibly other individuals that can cause you harm. A fight is not just about you and the individual you face, but about everything else within the environment. At the same time, you should never underestimate the primary assailant you face, and should assume that they are both armed and able to deal with you.

The Krav Maga Yashir system takes this situational approach to dealing with violence and trains it accordingly, putting attacks and threats into their appropriate contexts and altering situational components—such as location, assailant motive, relationship with the assailant, etc.—to demonstrate how these components can alter the solutions you choose to use. This book will describe and demonstrate Krav Maga techniques within this context, not just showing how a particular technique should be performed, but also how the attack or assault developed and was carried out, and which non-physical solutions could have been put in place to avoid having been targeted in the first place.

The book is organized into three parts. The first looks at the basic fighting skills you need to develop in order to survive a violent confrontation (how to move, position yourself, block and strike, etc.); the second part describes various armed and unarmed assaults and the situations in which they occur; while the third part looks at some of the dynamic factors that can occur within a fight, such as being caught in a headlock, ending up in a clinch, etc., and how to deal with this.

Gershon Ben Keren

The Krav Maga Yashir system was developed by Gershon Ben Keren, a Krav Maga instructor who has spent the past 20 years training with a variety of Krav Maga and military trainers in Israel, and in 2010 was inducted into the Museum of the History of Martial Arts in Israel by Dr. Dennis Hanover (founder of Dennis Hisardut). He also holds a 2nd Degree Black Belt in Kodokan Judo, and a 1st Degree Black Belt in Kosen Judo. Gershon Ben Keren has an academic background in Psychology, with particular regard to aggression and violence. He combines this with his experiences in the security industry to present Krav Maga in a contextualized way, rather than by simply demonstrating/explaining physical techniques. The system referred to in this book is the product of Ben Keren’s training and reflects the different approaches that various IDF instructors have taken in teaching Krav Maga. The strength of the Krav Maga Yashir system is that it is influenced by the experiences and teachings of several different senior IDF instructors and trainers, and builds on their combined experiences and approaches, rather than simply reflecting the ideas and methods of one.

The system looks to stay true to the principles, concepts, and ideas first laid down by Imi Lichtenfeld, while at the same time looking to incorporate the teaching and training methods of more traditional martial arts. Krav Maga Yashir is also influenced by modern security training protocols, advocated by various military, law enforcement and private security agencies.