Читать книгу Veterinary Treatment of Pigs - Graham R Duncanson - Страница 112

Obtaining urine samples requires considerable patience by the pig keeper. If required by the practitioner, catheterization of sows restrained in a crate is not difficult with a canine oesophageal tube. It is impossible to catheterize male pigs and so practitioners have to rely on a free-flowing sample. Normal urine parameters are as follows:

• Specific gravity (SG), 1.020.

• pH, 5.5–7.5.

• Protein and sugar, none.

Bacteriological examination of the urine can also be useful. Care needs to be exercised as certain bacteria will be grown as contaminates. The clinician will have to evaluate the bacteriological findings in the light of the clinical signs to decide from where in the urinary tract the bacteria originate.