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Although shale gas has been known for a while, the first shale gas well was drilled in 1821 in Chautauqua, NY, its exploitation was possible only until the development of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies. After the oil crises of the 1970s, the US government and some oil and gas companies, separately, initiated the investment in research projects to evaluate and make shale gas extraction possible. From the beginning of the 2000s, technical and economic factors promoted the idea to produce natural gas from shale formations. The Barnett shale play was the first basin to be exploited in a large scale, with the hydraulic fracturing technology being tested there. Following the success to extract natural gas from the Barnett shale play, shale gas extraction began in other locations. Table 1.1 gives basic information about the major shale gas plays in the United States.

Table 1.1 Major shale gas plays in the United States.

Source: Adapted from EIA 2018 [4].

Shale play	State(s)	Percentage of dry shale gas production in 2018
Marcellus	PA, WV, OH, and NY	32.7
Permian	TX and NM	12.3
Utica	OH, PA, and WV	11.3
Haynesville	LA and TX	11.0
Eagle Ford	TX	7.1
Woodford	OK	5.0
Barnett	TX	4.4
Mississippian	OK	3.8
Niobrara–Codell	CO and WY	3.4
Bakken	ND and MT	2.7
Fayetteville	AR	2.3
Rest of the United States “shale”		4.0

Apart from US reserves, recoverable shale gas resources around the world have been found in countries such as China, Argentina, Algeria, Canada, Mexico, Australia, South Africa, and Russia [3,5]. Despite these discoveries, several factors such as geological aspects and the lack of the necessary infrastructure have curbed the development of the shale gas industry in those other countries [6,7]. Table 1.2 shows the production rates in 2018 for the six countries with more unproved technically recoverable shale gas resources.

Table 1.2 Recent shale gas reserves and production in for the six countries with more shale gas reserves.

Source: From EIA 2015 [13].

Country	Unproved recoverable reserves by 2013 (Tcf)	Production in 2018 (Bcf/yr)	References
China	1115.20	353.15	[8]
Argentina	801.50	365.00	[9]
Algeria	706.90	No production	[10]
United States	662.50 (by 2015)	7079.62	[4]
Canada	572.90	182.80	[11]
Mexico	545.20	No production	[12]